Grammar and usage 2

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1、Unit1Unit1GettingalongwithothersGrammarandusageTo-infinitive&Bareinfinitive&Verb-ingformasanounPart2Verb-ingformasanoun表语主语宾语动名词定语1.动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.①作主语，可以直接放在句首，但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词i

2、t作为形式主语，而把动名词后置，如：Itisnouse(good)+动名词：做某事没用(不好)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)It’snogoodsmokinginpublic.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.可改为:Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)不能改为：Collectingstampsishe.②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别。I

3、can’tstand__withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostopHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost---Thereisastoryhereinthepap

4、erabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine__thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen③作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(stand，admit，dislike，imagine，delay，consider，mind，understand，avoid，enjoy，practise，miss，finish，keep，suggest，appreciate，escape，miss，risk，deny，allow，forbid等)如：Ilikeswimmin

5、gbutIdon’tliketoswiminwinter.Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.Ipreferdrivingtoriding.Tips:有些动词(continue，prefer，begin，hate，like，start，love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered____attheparty,butnot___.A.toarri

6、ve,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave有些动词，如forget，remember，regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。B.作介词的宾语Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing习惯于做；loo

7、kforwardtodoing盼望做；devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做；spendtime(in)doing花时间做；befondofdoing喜爱做；begoodatdoing擅长做；beproudofdoing为做……而自豪；betiredofdoing对做……感到厌倦；feellikedoing想做；leadto导致；insiston坚持要做；object反对；succeed/besuccessfulin成功地做了goondoing继续做(原来的事);keepondoing不停地做；whataboutdoing做……怎么样；t

8、hinkofdoing考虑做；beinterestedindoing对做……感兴趣；haves