grammar and usage

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1、英语课件牛津版高二模块八Unit2Unit2TheuniversallanguageGrammarandusageLookatthissentence,aretheresomewordsthatareleftoutinthissentence?Inordertoavoidmarriage,shesaysthatanypotentialhusbandmustanswerthreeriddlescorrectlyordie.Ellipsisorhemustdie－Howisyourcousintoday?－Sheismuchbetter.Muc

2、hbetter.Itsoundsfinetome.Soundsfinetome.Isthereanythingwrong?Anythingwrong?Ellipsisisusedwhenwedonotwanttorepeatwordsorphrasesthatareobvious.Somewordsofasentencecanbeleftoutwhilethemeaningcanstillbeunderstood.1.为避免重复而进行的省略当一个句子中有两个或更多的相同的词、短语出现时,其中的第一个须保留,其余的往往省略,以避免重复、使句子简

3、练。尤其要注意的情况是:当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时,往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一起省略。句子中常可省略的成分如下：1)省掉主语。如：Thankyouforyourhelp.Seeyoutomorrow.2)省掉谓语动词。如：SomeofusstudyRussian，othersEnglish.HegotupearlierthanItoday.(others后省掉study)(前面省掉主语I)(前面省掉主语I)(I后省掉gotup)3)省掉系动词。e.

4、g.MaLinisabusdriver,hiswifeaconductor.Goldismoreexpensivethansilver.(hiswife后省掉is)(silver后省掉is)4)同时省掉句子的几个成分。e.g.InwinteritiscolderinBeijingthaninGuangzhou.Hashegoneornot?(=Hashegoneorhashenotgone?)(than后省略itis)—Whendidyoureadtheplay?—Longago.—HaveyoueverbeentoXinjiang?—Nev

5、er.(=Ihaveneverbeenthere.)(=Ireaditlongago.)▲在if,when，though，as，asif等连词引导的从句中，如果主从句的主语一致，又含有be动词时，常把从句中的主语和be动词省略。e.g.Whenyoudothisexercise,makechangesinthesentencestructurewhennecessary.(when后省掉itis)Heisverygoodatpainting,thoughveryyoung.Theboylookedasifafraidofnothing.(=t

6、houghheisveryyoung)(=asifhewereafraidofnothing)▲在下面的句子中，动词不定式to的后面省去了动词原形及其以后的部分。e.g.Youmaygowiththemifyouwantto.—Willyoubeabletocome?—I’dloveto.ButI’mbusy.(to后省去gowiththem)(to后省掉come)e.g.Heistwelveyearsold.他十二岁。Iwalkedfortenmiles.我走了十英里路。2.语法上允许的省略。有些成分的被省略是出于语法上的允许,以显得表述更

7、为简明。Heistwelve.Iwalkedtenmiles.3.习惯用法上允许的省略。有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法,尤其是在口语中。例如在问句中be常常省略,有时连主语一起省略:e.g.Veryeasy?很简单吗？Whynot?为什么不？4.省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中。newspaperheadlines:Turandotonstage图兰朵将要上演signsandlabels:Nosmoking禁止吸烟instructions:DonotbendpostcardsanddiariesHavenothadtimetowrite

8、diarynotesOperaOK,costumesgreatReadPartAcarefullyandfindoutthewordsthatcanbeleftou