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1、Unit6PlanUnveiledtoBuildHarmoniousSocietyConfucianism&Confucius儒家思想和孔子ConfucianismisaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsoftheChinesephilosopherConfucius(551–478BC).ConfuciusConfucius(551-479BCE),accordingtoChinesetradition,wasathinker,politicalfigure,educator,andfounderof
2、theRuSchoolofChinesethought.Histeachings,preservedintheLunyuorAnalects(文集）,formthefoundationofmuchofsubsequentChinesespeculationontheeducationandcomportment（mannersandbehaviors)oftheidealman,howsuchanindividualshouldlivehislifeandinteractwithothers,andtheformsofsocietyandgovernmentinwhichheshouldp
3、articipate.Confucianism&ConfuciusCoreinConfucianismClassicalfiveelementsTheGoldenRuleLoyaltyFilialpietyRelationshipsThegentlemanCoreinConfucianismHumanityRen—benevolence,love,goodness,human-heartedness;asupremevirtuerepresentinghumanqualitiesattheirbest.ClassicalfiveelementsFiveConstants,ortheWuch
4、angHumanity,仁Righteousness,justice義Ritual禮,ProprietyorEtiquetteKnowledge智Integrity信仁”为核心的伦理思想结构，它包括孝、弟（悌）、忠、恕、礼、知、勇、恭、宽、信、敏、惠等内容。其中孝悌是仁的基础，是仁学思想体系的基本支柱之一TheseareaccompaniedbytheclassicalSìzì(四字)withfourvirtues:Zhōng(忠,Loyalty)Xiào(孝,Filialpiety)Jié(節,Continency)Yì(義,Righteousness).TheGoldenRule"do
5、notdountootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdountoyou.”or“Don’tdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”LoyaltyLoyaltyistheequivalentoffilialpietyonadifferentplane.Inlaterages,however,emphasiswasplacedmoreontheobligationsoftheruledtotheruler,andlessontheruler'sobligationstotheruled.Loyaltywasalsoanexte
6、nsionofone'sdutiestofriends,family,andspouse.Filialpiety"Filialpiety"isconsideredamongthegreatestofvirtuesandmustbeshowntowardsboththelivingandthedead(includingevenremoteancestors).RelationshipsRelationshipsarecentraltoConfucianism.Particulardutiesarisefromone'sparticularsituationinrelationtoother
7、s.Theindividualstandssimultaneouslyinseveraldifferentrelationshipswithdifferentpeople:asajuniorinrelationtoparentsandelders,andasaseniorinrelationtoyoungersiblings,students,andothers.Thegentleman"perfectman"isone
