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1、NIHPublicAccessAuthorManuscriptAmPsychol.Authormanuscript;availableinPMC2011June24.NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptPublishedinfinaleditedformas:NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptNIH-PAAuthorManuscriptAmPsychol.2001March;56(3):218±226.TheRoleofPositiveEmotionsinPositivePsychology:TheB
2、roaden-and-BuildTheoryofPositiveEmotionsBarbaraL.FredricksonUniversityofMichiganAbstractInthisarticle,theauthordescribesanewtheoreticalperspectiveonpositiveemotionsandsituatesthisnewperspectivewithintheemergingfieldofpositivepsychology.Thebroaden-and-buildtheory
3、positsthatexperiencesofpositiveemotionsbroadenpeople'smomentarythought-actionrepertoires,whichinturnservestobuildtheirenduringpersonalresources,rangingfromphysicalandintellectualresourcestosocialandpsychologicalresources.Preliminaryempiricalevidencesupportingthe
4、broaden-and-buildtheoryisreviewed,andopenempiricalquestionsthatremaintobetestedareidentified.Thetheoryandfindingssuggestthatthecapacitytoexperiencepositiveemotionsmaybeafundamentalhumanstrengthcentraltothestudyofhumanflourishing.Themissionofpositivepsychologyist
5、ounderstandandfosterthefactorsthatallowindividuals,communities,andsocietiestoflourish(Seligman&Csikszentmihalyi,2000).Whatroledopositiveemotionsplayinthismission?Onfirstconsideration,theanswerseemssimple:Positiveemotionsserveasmarkersofflourishing,oroptimalwell-
6、being.Certainlymomentsinpeople'slivescharacterizedbyexperiencesofpositiveemotions—suchasjoy,interest,contentment,love,andthelike—aremomentsinwhichtheyarenotplaguedbynegativeemotions—suchasanxiety,sadness,anger,anddespair.Consistentwiththisintuition,theoverallbal
7、anceofpeople'spositiveandnegativeemotionshasbeenshowntopredicttheirjudgmentsofsubjectivewell-being(Diener,Sandvik,&Pavot,1991).Buildingonthisfinding,Kahneman(1999)suggestedthat“objectivehappiness”canbestbemeasuredbytracking(andlateraggregating)people'smomentarye
8、xperiencesofgoodandbadfeelings(butseeFredrickson,2000c).Accordingtotheseperspectives,positiveemotionssignalflourishing.Butthisisnotthewholestory:Positiveemotionsalsop
