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1、EnglishLiterature1TheOriginsofWesternLiteratureⅠ.Literature1.Whatisliterature?Literaturereferstowritingsinproseorverse,esp.writingshavingexcellenceofformorexpressionandexpressingideasofpermanentoruniversalinterest.GenresofLiterature•Poetry•Drama(tragedy,c
2、omedy...)•Prose2.Aspectsofliterature①Theme:Whatispresented?②Form:Howisitpresented?Genre,structure,style,language,tone,rhetoricaldevices,pointofview(perspective),characterization,etc.③Background:Howistheworkrelatedtothewriter’slifeandthesocialcontext?TheFu
3、nctionsofLiterature•Todelightandtoteach•ToexpressⅡ.TheOriginsofWesternLiterature1.Greekclassics①Epic:Homer(before700B.C.):TheIliadPlot•ThetismarryingmortalPeleus——weddingexcludedEris——applefor“thefairest”——Hera,Athena,Aphrodite——Zeus——Paris,princeofTroyas
4、thearbitor——rewards:Athena:greathero,Hera:rulerofkingdom,Aphrodite:themostbeautifulwoman,Helen,aprincessofSparta——toomanysuitors,Odysseus(kingofIthaca)offersadvice——oath——marryingMenelaus,brotherofAgamemnon,kingofMycenae——MenelausaskingofSparta——Parisleav
5、ingwifeandvisitingSparta——kingawaytoCrete——elopetoTroy——Greekarmy:Agamemnon,Odysseus,othersuitors,100ships——tenyears’siege——AchillesandHector——woodenhorse——fallofTroyHelen•HelenofTroybyEvelyndeMorgan(1898,London);Helenadmiringlydisplaysalockofherhair,assh
6、egazesintoamirrordecoratedwiththenudeAphrodite.TheOdyssey(Odysseus’JourneybacktoIthaca)②Tragedy:Aeschylus(524?-456B.C.):AgamemnonSophocles(495-406B.C.):OedipusRex•sonofLaius,kingofThebes,andJocasta——theoracle——leftonhillside——rescuedandraisedassonofCorint
7、h——leftCorinth——traveledtoThebes——killedLaiusontheway——solvedSphinxriddle——marriedJocasta——gougedhiseyesandwentintoexilewithhisdaughterAntigone(Note:Oedipuscomplex)•AntigoneEuripides(480-406B.C.):MedeaMedea,sorceress,daughterofAeetes,kingofColchisaccompan
8、iesJason,helpinghimwithmagicartstowintheGoldenFleece.Deserted,shekillsherself.•Hippolytus③Philosophy:•Socrates(470-399B.C.)(Confucius:551-479B.C.)•Plato(429?-347B.C.):Republic•Aristotle(384-322B.C.):PoeticsRomanwrit
