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1、教育2班JohnSteinbeckSocialbackgroundThegreatdepressionTheGreatDepressionwasasevereworldwideeconomicdepressioninthedecadeprecedingWorldWarII.ItStartedinabout1929andlasteduntilthelate1930sorearly1940s.ThedepressionoriginatedintheU.S.,startingwiththefallinstockpricesthatbeganaroundSeptember4,1929andbec
2、ameworldwidenewswiththestockmarketcrashofOctober29,1929(knownasBlackTuesday).Fromthere,itquicklyspreadtoalmosteverycountryintheworld.Andithadresultsabouttwoparts.Theonewasthedimdecadeof1930sreplacingtheglittering1920s;banksfailed,factoriesclosedandagriculturewithered;joblessmillionsroamedthestree
3、t;thebreadlessstretchedlong;absolutepovertyandstruggledforsurvivalisanightmarishexperienceoflive.Theanotherwasthephysicalwastelandreplacingthespiritualwasteland.BiographyJohnErnstSteinbeck,theforemostnovelistoftheGreatDepression.HewasbornonFebruary27,1902,inSalinas,California.HewasofGerman,Englis
4、h,andIrishdescent.JohannAdolfGroßsteinbeck,Steinbeck'spaternalgrandfather,hadshortenedthefamilynametoSteinbeckwhenheemigratedtotheUnitedStates.ThefamilyfarminHeiligenhaus,Mettmann,NorthRhine-Westphalia,Germany,isstilltodaynamed"Großsteinbeck."Hisfather,JohnErnstSteinbeck,servedasMontereyCountytre
5、asurer.John'smother,OliveHamilton,aformerschoolteacher,sharedSteinbeck'spassionforreadingandwriting.TheSteinbecksweremembersoftheEpiscopalChurch,althoughSteinbeckwouldlaterbecameagnostic.Steinbecklivedinasmallruraltown,nomorethanafrontiersettlement,settinginsomeoftheworld'smostfertileland.Hespent
6、hissummersworkingonnearbyranchesandlaterwithmigrantworkersonSpreckelssugarbeetfarms.Therehebecameawareoftheharsheraspectsofmigrantlifeandthedarkersideofhumannature,whichsuppliedhimwithmaterialexpressedinsuchworksasOfMiceandMen.Healsoexploredhissurroundings,walkingacrosslocalforests,fields,andfarm
7、s.WhileworkingatSpreckelsSugar教育2班Company,hewouldsometimesworkedintheirlaboratory,whichgavehimtimetowrite.Healsohadconsiderablemechanicalaptitudeandfondnessformakinghisownrepairstothingsheowned.SteinbeckgraduatedfromSa
