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1、DoesTheMediaMatter?AFieldExperimentMeasuringtheEffectofNewspapersonVotingBehaviorandPoliticalOpinionsthApril18,2007AlanGerberDeanKarlanDanielBerganalan.gerber@yale.edudean.karlan@yale.edudaniel.bergan@yale.eduYaleUniversityYaleUniversityYaleUniversityAbstractThereissubstant
2、ialevidencethatmediasourceshaveidentifiablepoliticalslants,buttherehasbeenrelativelylittlestudyuntilrecentlyoftheeffectsonpoliticalviewsandbehaviorsofmediabiasoraccess.Thispaperreportstheresultsofanaturalfieldexperimenttomeasuretheeffectofexposuretonewspapersonpoliticalbeha
3、viorandopinion.TheWashingtonDCareaisservedbytwomajornewspapers,theWashingtonTimesandtheWashingtonPost.WerandomlyassignedindividualseithertoreceiveafreesubscriptiontotheWashingtonPost,toreceiveafreesubscriptiontotheWashingtonTimes,ortoacontrolgroup.Wethenconductedapublicopin
4、ionsurveyafterthe2005Virginiagubernatorialelection.WefindthatthoseassignedtothePosttreatmentgroupwereeightpercentagepointsmorelikelytovotefortheDemocraticcandidateforgovernorthanthoseassignedtothecontrolgroup.Wefindsimilarbutweakerevidenceofshiftsinpublicopiniononspecificis
5、suesandattitudes.JELclassification:C93,D72,L82,P16Keywords:media,newspapers,voting,information,publicopinion,fieldexperiment1Televisionbroadcastsandnewspaperstoriesarearguablythemostimportantsourceofinformationabouttheconductofgovernmentsandpoliticians.Themedia’scentralrole
6、indeterminingwhatinformationthepublichasjustifiestherecentincreasedattentiontohowthemediashapespublicknowledge,attitudes,andbehavior(BesleyandBurgess2002;DyckandZingales2002;Hamilton2003).Mediasourcesmayinfluencethepublicnotonlybychoosingtheslantofaparticularreport(DellaVig
7、naandKaplan2007),butalsomerelybychoosingwhattoreport(GeorgeandWaldfogel2006).Thereissubstantialevidencethatmediasourceshaveidentifiablepoliticalslants,buttherehasbeenrelativelylittlestudyoftheeffectsofmediabiasontheviewsandbehaviorofmediaconsumers,oroftheeffectofmereexposur
8、etonews(irrespectiveoftheslant,forexampleGentzkow(2006)).Whileitispossiblethatnews
