Speaking into the Air A History of the Idea of Communicatio

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1、TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London©1999byTheUniversityofChicagoAllrightsreserved.Published1999Paperbackedition2000PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica17161514131278910ISBN-13:978-0-226-66277-0ISBN-10:0-226-66277-2ISBN-13

2、:978-0-226-92263-8(e-book)Peters,JohnDurhamSpeakingintotheair:ahistoryoftheideaofcommunication/JohnDurhamPetersp.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.1.Communication—Philosophy—History.I.Title.P90.P3881999302.2'01—dc2198-50308CIPThepaperusedinthispublica

3、tionmeetstheminimumrequirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences—PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48-1992.2SpeakingintotheAirAHistoryoftheIdeaofCommunicationJOHNDURHAMPETERSTheUniversityofChicagoPressChicagoandLondon3Tomyment

4、orsatfouruniversitiesHALMILLER,LENHAWES,DONROBERTS,andSAMBECKER4Solikewiseye,exceptyeutterbythetonguewordseasytobeunderstood,howshallitbeknownwhatisspoken?foryeshallspeakintotheair.Thereare,itmaybe,somanykindsofvoicesintheworld,andnoneofthemiswithoutsignificatio

5、n.1COR.14:9–10KJWrittenkissesdon’treachtheirdestination,rathertheyaredrunkonthewaybytheghosts.Itisonthisamplenourishmentthattheymultiplysoenormously.Humanitysensesthisandfightsagainstitandinordertoeliminateasfaraspossibletheghostlyelementbetweenpeopleandtocreate

6、naturalcommunication,thepeaceofsouls,ithasinventedtherailway,themotorcar,theaeroplane.Butit’snolongeranyhelp,theseareevidentlyinventionsbeingmadeatthemomentofcrashing.Theopposingsideissomuchcalmerandstronger;afterthepostalserviceithasinventedthetelegraph,thetele

7、phone,thewireless.Thespiritswon’tstarve,butwewillperish.FRANZKAFKATOMILENAJESENSKÁItisaquestionwhethertheobviousincreaseofovertcommunicationisnotconstantlybeingcorrected,asitwere,bythecreationofnewobstaclestocommunication.EDWARDSAPIR,“COMMUNICATION”Ifcommunicati

8、onbearsthemarkoffailureorinauthenticityinthisway,itisbecauseitissoughtasafusion.EMMANUELLEVINAS,“THEOTHERINPROUST”5ContentsIntroduction:TheProblemofCommunicationTheHi