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1、ExecutionStrategiesforPTIDES,aProgrammingModelforDistributedEmbeddedSystemsJiaZou,SlobodanMatic,EdwardA.Lee,ThomasHuiningFengPatriciaDerlerElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceComputerScienceUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyUniversityofSalzburgBerkeley,USA.Salzburg,Austria{jiazou,matic,
2、eal,tfeng}@eecs.berkeley.eduPatricia.Derler@cs.uni-salzburg.atAbstract—Wedefineafamilyofexecutionpoliciesforaintoadeployableimplementation.Thus,PTIDESfollowstheprogrammingmodelcalledPTIDES(ProgrammingTemporallyprinciplesofmodel-baseddesign[11].IntegratedDistributedEmbeddedSystems).APTIDE
3、Sapplica-PTIDESbuildsonthesolidsemanticfoundationofDEtion(factoryautomation,forexample)isgivenasadiscrete-models[12],whichmakesitmucheasiertogetdeterminateevent(DE)modelofadistributedreal-timesystemthatincludessensorsandactuators.ThetimestampsofDEeventsareboundconcurrentcompositionofsof
4、twarecomponentsthanitistophysicaltimeatthesensorsandactuators,turningtheDEwiththreads[13].Moreover,akeystrengthofPTIDESismodelintoanexecutablespecificationofthesystemwithexplicitthatitsdistributedsoftwarespecificationsareexplicitaboutreal-timeconstraints.Thispaperfirstdefinesageneralexecuti
5、onend-to-endlatencybetweensensorsandactuators,makingstrategythatconformstotheDEsemantics,andthenspecializesthebehaviorofthesoftwareinthecontextofcyber-physicalthisstrategytogivepractical,implementableanddistributedpolicies.Ourpoliciesleveragenetworktimesynchronizationsystemsmuchmorerepe
6、atableandpredictable.Thiscontraststoeliminatetheneedfornullmessages,allowindependentwiththemoreindirectmechanismstypicallyused,whereforeventstobeprocessedoutoftimestamporder,thusincreasingexampleprioritiesforsoftwaretasks(vs.actuatoractions)areconcurrencyandmakingmoremodelsfeasible(w.r.
7、t.real-timeempiricallydeterminedandexperimentallyverified.constraints),andimprovefaultisolationindistributedsystems.DistributedDEsimulationisanoldtopic[7].ThefocusThepoliciesaregivenintermsofasafetoprocesspredicateoneventsthatdependsonthetimestampoftheeventsandthelocalhasbeenona
