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1、1・Inthephenomenonofbirefringence,thephasevelocityofaplanewaveinacrystaldependsonitsdirectionofpolarizationofitsEvector.2・Thetwoallowedmodesofpropagationinauniaxialcrystals(thatis,acrystalwithasingleaxisofthreefold,fourfold,orsixfoldsymmetry)aretheso-called''ordinary55anduex

2、traordinary55waves.3・Oneofthemostimportantconsequencesofthedielectricanisotropyofcrystalsisthephenomenonofbirefringence・4・Inproblemsthatinvolvesinusoidallyvaryingtimefunctions,wecansaveagreatdealofmanipulationandspacebyusingthecomplex-functionformalism・5・Inanysituationsther

3、eplacementoftherealpartofbythecomplexformposesnoproblem・6・Thepolarizationstateofalightbeamcanbeconvertedtoanyotherpolarizationstatebyusingasuitableretardationplate(alsocalledwaveplate).7・TheJonescalculusisapowerfulmatrixmethodinwhichthestateofpolarizationisrepresentedbyatwo

4、-componentvector,whileeachopticalelementisrepresentedbya2*2matrix.Theoveralltransfermatrixforthewholesystemisobtainedbymultiplyingalltheindividualelementmatrices,andthepolarizationstateofthetransmittedlightiscomputedbymultiplyingthevectorrepresentingtheinputbeambytheoverall

5、matrix・⑴8.TheJonesvectorforthehorizontally(x)polarizedlightis丿.8.TheJonesvectorforthevertically(y)polarizedlightis'〔丿.10・Theraymatrixforathinlensoffocallengthfis10一1//111・TheraymatrixforasphericaldielectricinterfaceofradiusRis10n2_q%・n2Rn212・Holographyisanimagingtechniquein

6、whichtherecordingisaccomplishedbyaninterferenceintherecordingmediumoftwo,usuallymutuallycoherentwaves:theimage-bearing"picturewave"andthe,usually,planewaveorspherical,"reference”wave・13・Highluminance,simplicityoflight,highcorrelationandstrongdirectionarethecharacteristicsof

7、laser14.Samepolarizeddirection,samefrequency,samephaseandsameradiateddirectionarefouruniformaspectsaboutexcitatedradiation・15.Therearetwocommonpumpingtechnologies:opticalpumping(befitforsolidandliquidlaser)andelectricpumping・16.Rubywasthefirstmaterialinwhichlaseractionwasde

8、monstratedandisstilloneofthemostusefulmaterials.17.Rubylaserisakindofthree-levella