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1、ThePresentParticiple---UsedasAdverbialLet’sgoovertheusageof–ingformbelow.Examinethesentencesanddiscussinwhatwaythestructuresaresimilartoeachotherandinwhatwaytheyaredifferent.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.Havingexperiencedqui
2、teafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.The–ingformusedasanadverbial.Having+pastparticiple(theperfect-ingform)torefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverb.千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟!不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。ThePres
3、entParticipleasAdverbial(现在分词做状语)-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示Task1现在分词作状语代替状语从句时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等,注:从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。即-ing分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语,并表示主动的关系。一.-ing分词短语作时间状语,代替一个时间状语从句:注意:1:现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生,有时可由连词when,while引出。2:现在分词所表示的动作一发生,主句的动作就立即发生时,现
4、在分词一般位于句首。如:Whenhereadthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.Whenshesawthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.二、-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:Ashewasill,hecouldn’tcometoscho
5、oltoday.Beingill,hecouldn’tcometoschooltoday.三、–ing分词短语作结果状语。如:Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.四、-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个条件状语从句和让步状语从句。Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Usingyourhead,you
6、willfindaway.Thoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.五、-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如:Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslow
7、ly.___________bytheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.Followed状语现在分词过去分词doing与主语为主动关系done与主语为被动关系分词作状语其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnewsdoing与主语为主动关系Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Ift
8、heyhadbeengivenmoreattentiondone与主语为被动关系________fromthetopofthebuilding,wesawthehouselikeamatchbox.________fromthetopofthebuilding,thehouselookslikeamatchbox.SeeingSeensee分词短语做状语时,前面可以加上连词,但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but,and),因为并列连词接的是两个