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1、ThePresentParticiple---UsedasAdverbialLet’sgoovertheusageof–ingformbelow.Examinethesentencesanddiscussinwhatwaythestructuresaresimilartoeachotherandinwhatwaytheyaredifferent.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiia
2、lready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.The–ingformusedasanadverbial.Having+pastparticiple(theperfect-ingform)torefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverb.千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial（现在分词做状语）-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示
3、Task1现在分词作状语代替状语从句时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。一.-ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句：注意：1：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when,while引出。2：现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时，现在分词一般位于句首。如：Whenhereadthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.Whenshesawthosepictures,s
4、herememberedherchildhood.Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.二、-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Ashewasill,hecouldn’tcometoschooltoday.Beingill,hecouldn’tcometoschooltoday.三、–ing分词短语作结果状语。如：Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Shewa
5、ssoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.四、-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句和让步状语从句。Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.Thoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.五、-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中
6、间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.___________bytheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.Followed状语现在分词过去分词doing与主语为主动关系done与主语为被动关系分词作状语其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’th
7、elpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnewsdoing与主语为主动关系Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentiondone与主语为被动关系________fromthetopofthebuilding,wesawthehouselikeamatchbox.________fromthetopofthebuilding,thehouselookslikeamatchbox.SeeingSeen分词短语做状语时，前面可以加
8、上连词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成
