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1、外文翻译原文QualityassuranceinthemaritimeportlogisticschainMaterialSource:http://www.emeraldinsight.comAuthor:RaúlCompésLópezandNigelPooleTheprovisionofportservicesisanimportantlinkininternationallogistics.Historically,portshaveconstitutedabottleneckinmaritime
2、transport.Moreover,thequalityofportserviceshasbeencompromisedbythecomplexinternalportorganisationandtheconsiderablenumberofbodiesthatparticipateinthetransferofgoodsbetweenshipsandinlandtransportvehicles.Theefficiencyofportservicesaffectsnotonlytheportaut
3、horities,serviceprovidersandcustomers,butalsotheporthinterlandthroughthemultipliereffectontheregionaleconomy.Theproblemsofportorganisationareexplainedusingprincipal-agentconcepts.Theauthorsthenexploretheconceptofqualityinrelationtoportservices,anddiscuss
4、certificationofserviceprovidersasameansofsignallingqualitytotheircustomers.Finally,theaccreditationsystemoftheportofValencia,Spain,ispresentedasamodel,onethatissuperiortotheacceptedISOstandards,wherebyportservicequalityandefficiencymaybeenhanced.Efficien
5、cyandinnovationInmodernports,efficiencyiscompromisedbyweaksystem-wideco-ordination.“Themoststrikingfeatureofinternalportorganisationistheconsiderablenumberofbodiesthatparticipateinthetransferofgoodsbetweenshipsandinlandtransportvehicles”(JanssonandShneer
6、son,1982).Therearebothhistoricalandpoliticalreasonsforthisfragmentation.Aslabour-savingsteamshipsreplacedsailingships,shore-basedlabourreplacedtheships’crewsforcargohandling,butusuallysupervisedbyastevedoreresponsibledirectlytotheforeignshipowner.Stevedo
7、ringfirmsemerged,andrapidlygainedconsiderableindustrialpower.Typically,stevedoresresponsibleforstowageandunstowageareseparatedfromthelabourusedforfurtherhandlingbetweenquayandlandtransport,whenasarule,responsibilityforthecargoistransferredfromshipownerto
8、warehouseowner.Theefficiencyofportindustriesisimportantinthefirstplacetoportusers,forwhomportsserviceshavealwaysconstitutedabottleneckinperiodsofrapid32internationaltrade.Forexample,attheheightoftheoilboominNigeria,theaver
