西班牙瓦伦西亚港海事港口物流链的质量保证【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文Qualityassuranceinthemaritimeportlogisticschain:thecaseofValencia,SpainMaterialSource:academicjournalsAuthor:RaulCompesLopezandNigelPooleTheprovisionofportservicesisanimportantlinkininternationallogistics.Theefficiencyofportservicesaffectsnotonlytheportauthorities,serviceprovidersandcust

2、omers,butalsotheporthinterlandthroughthemultipliereffectontheregionaleconomy.EfficiencyandinnovationInmodernports,efficiencyiscompromisedbyweaksystem-wideco-ordination.“Themoststrikingfeatureofinternalportorganizationistheconsiderablenumberofbodiesthatparticipateinthetransferofgoodsbetweenship

3、sandinlandtransportvehicles”(JanssonandShneerson,1982).Therearebothhistoricalandpoliticalreasonsforthisfragmentation.Theefficiencyofportindustriesisimportantinthefirstplacetoportusers,forwhomportsserviceshavealwaysconstitutedabottleneckinperiodsofrapidinternationaltrade.Fromtheearly1990s,inter

4、nationaltradeanddemandsonlogisticservicesareincreasing.Second,theefficiencyeffectofenhancingportthroughputisimportanttotheserviceprovidersandtotheporthinterland.Also,intermsoftotalcostsincurred,theprovisionofportservicesisthemostsignificantlinkinthechainofseabornegoodstransport,oftenexceedingt

5、hecostsofshippingproper.Innovationinmaritimeandportlogisticsisasimportantasinanyotherpartofthesupplychain.Totalportthroughputisafunctionofthenumberofberths,capacityperberthandberthoccupancyrate.Historically,portshaveexpandedberthnumbersinordertoincreasecapacity,andshipbuildershavebuiltlargeves

6、selstoachieveeconomiesofscale.Intermsofhandling,thestowageandunstowageofcargowasthebottleneckinporthandlinguntilthedevelopmentofcontainerisationandroll-on/roll-offshipping.Innovationinportorganisationinordertoimprovetheefficiencyoftheinternationallogisticschainisillustratedbytherecentdecisionb

7、ytheUKshippinglineP&Otoinvest$550milliontohelpeasecongestionintheportsystemaroundBombay.Bottleneckshavebeencreatedbecausetheportsystemhasnotbeenabletokeeppacewiththeexpansionintradesinceeconomicliberalisationbeganintheearly1990s.Current