帕雷托改进式包裹递送服务合同【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文Pareto-ImprovingContractsforExpressPackageDeliveryServicesMaterialSource:UniversityofCaliforniaAuthor:AlexandraM.NewmanAbstract：Weaddresstheproblemofanexpresspackagedeliverycompanyinstructuringalong-termcustomercontractwhosetermsmayincludepricest

2、hatdifferbyday-of-weekandbyspeed-of-service.Thecompanytraditionallyofferedspeed-of-servicepricingtoitscustomers,butwithoutday-of-weekdifferentiation,resultingincustomerdemandswithconsiderableday-of-weekseasonality.Thepackagedeliverycompanyhopedthatusin

3、gday-of-weekandspeed-of-servicepricedifferentiationforcontractcustomerswouldinducethesecustomerstoadjusttheirdemandstobecomecounter-cyclicaltothenon-contractdemand.Althoughthisusuallycannotbeachievedbypricingalone,wedeviseanapproachthatutilizesday-of-w

4、eekandspeed-of-servicepricingasanelementofaPareto-improvingcontract.Thecontractprovidesthelowest-costarrangementforthepackagedeliverycompanywhileensuringthatthecustomerisatleastaswelloffashewouldhavebeenundertheexistingpricingstructure.Thecontractprici

5、ngsmoothesthepackagedeliverycompany’sdemandandreducespeakrequirementsfortransportcapacity.Thelatterhelpstodecreasecapitalcosts,whichmayallowafurtherpricereductionforthecustomer.Weformulatethepricingproblemasabiconvexoptimizationmodel,andpresentamethodo

6、logyfordesigningthecontractandnumericalexamplesthatillustratetheachievablesavings.Keywords：transportationcontracts;contractpricing;speed-of-servicepricing;time-of-usepricing;day-of-weekpricingI.INTRODUCTIONMostpackagedeliverycompanies(PDCs)chargeapremi

7、umforfasterdelivery,butthepracticeofpricingbydayofweekisverylimited.Intheabsenceofthistypeofpricedifferentiation,shipmentvolumesexhibitstrongday-of-weekpatterns,especiallyintheexpresspackagedeliverymarket.Althoughtheschedulesofvariousgroundtransportveh

8、iclesoftencanbeadjustedtoaccountforthisday-of-weekseasonality,expresspackagedeliverycompaniesrelyheavilyonaircraft,forwhichitisnotpossibletomatchshippingcapacitytodemandverywell.Consequently,excessshippingcapacityvariesbydayofweekandbyr