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1、2016年12月，第22卷，第4期，741-752页高校地质学报Dec2016，Vol.22，No.4，pp.741-752GeologicalJournalofChinaUniversitiesDOI:10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2015259中国“采水型”地裂缝特征和成因分析11*22王艺伟，叶淑君，于军，龚绪龙1.南京大学地球科学与工程学院水科学系，南京210023；2.国土资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点实验室，江苏省地质调查研究院，南京210000摘要：过量开采地下水诱发的地裂缝（“采水型”地裂缝）灾害对社会造成严重损失，受到
2、人们普遍关注。近几十年来，国内外学者对其成因机制进行了大量研究，取得了丰硕成果。本文系统分析了前人的研究成果，归纳出“采水型”地裂缝的差异沉降成因、拉张性水平应变成因和四种成因模式；然后针对中国三个典型的“采水型”地裂缝发育区，即汾渭盆地、华北平原、苏锡常地区，阐述了各地地裂缝分布、发育特征和成因机理，并选择典型地段地裂缝进行成因分析，认为汾渭盆地和华北平原地区部分地裂缝属于“先期断层模式”，而苏锡常地区地裂缝总体属于“基岩起伏模式”，并阐述了该模式下导致地裂缝发育的差异性变形、水平应变作用机理。关键词：地裂缝；地下水开采；成因机制；汾渭盆地；华北平
3、原；苏锡常中图分类号：P641文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-7493（2016）04-0741-12FeaturesandMechanismsofEarthFissuresInducedGroundwaterWithdrawalinChina11*22WANGYiwei，YEShujun，YUJun，GONGXulong1.DepartmentofHydrosciences,SchoolofEarthScienceandEngineering,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210023，Chian;2.KeyLaborator
4、yofEarthFissureGeologicalGazardofLandandResources,instituteofgeologicalsurveyinJiangsu,Nanjing210000，ChinaAbstract:ExcessiveexploitationofgroundwaterinChinahasinducedseriousearthfissurehazards,whichcancausesignificantdamageandheavyeconomiclosses,andhasreceivedsignificantattenti
5、on.Inrecentdecades,mechanismsofearthfissuresinducedbygroundwaterwithdrawalhavebeenstudiedbyresearchersworldwideandmanyremarkableachievementshavebeenaccomplished.Theresultsofpreviousstudieswereanalyzedinthisarticlefirstlyandthenthemechanismsofearthfissureinducedbyexcessiveexploi
6、tationofgroundwaterweresummarizedandcategorizedasdifferentialsubsidence,horizontaltensilestrain,andFourEarthFissureFormationConceptualModels.Thenthedistributionofearthfissures,developmentfeaturesandmechanismsofearthfissuresinthreeregions(i.e.,theFenweiBasin,NorthChinaPlainandSu
7、-Xi-ChanginChina)wheretypical“groundwater-withdraw-induced”fissuresdeveloped,wereelaborated,andatypicalearthfissurewaschosentoanalyzeitscause.ResultsindicatethatearthfissuresintheFenweiBasinandNorthChinaPlainweremainlycausedbypre-existingfaultsandexcessivelygroundwaterexploitat
8、ion,whilethefissuresintheSu-Xi-Changregionweregenerall
