中科大综合英语听力教程Unit11

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1、UnitElevenLifeandSelf-fulfillmentPartIIndividualsandFamily©Task3Manystudieshavebeenmadeinanefforttodeterminethecausesofdelinquency.Mostofthesehavefocusedonfamilyrelationshipsoronneighborhoodorcommunityconditions.Theresultsoftheseinvestigationshaveshownthatitisdoubtfulthatan

2、ychildbecomesadelinquentforanysinglereason.Familyrelationships,especiallythosebetweenparentsandindividualchildren,havebeenthefocusofseveraldelinquencystudies.Anearlystudycomparingdelinquentandnondelinquentbrothersshowedthatover90percentofthedelinquentshadunhappyhomelivesand

3、feltdiscontentedwiththeirlifecircumstances.Only13percentoftheirbrothersfeltthisway.Whateverthenatureofthedelinquents1unhappiness,delinquencyappearedtothemtobeasolution.Itbroughtattentiontoyouthsneglectedbytheirparents,orapprovalbydelinquentfriends,oritsolvedproblemsofanunha

4、ppyhomelifeinotherways・Morerecentstudieshaverevealedthatmanydelinquentshadparentswithwhomtheydidnotgetalongorwhowereinconsistentintheirpatternsofdisciplineandpunishment.Neighborhoodconditionshavebeenstressedinstudiesbysociologists.Manyoftheseinquiriesconcentrateondifferingr

5、atesofdelinquency,ratherthanonthewayindividualsbecomedelinquents・Aseriesofstudieshaveshownthatdelinquencyratesareaboveaverageinthepoorestsectionsofcities・Suchareashavemanybrokenhomesandahighrateofalcoholism.Theyalsohavepoorschools,highunemployment,fewrecreationalfacilities,

6、andhighcrimerates.Manyyoungpeopleseedelinquencyastheironlyescapefromboredom,poverty,andotherproblems.Socialscientistshavealsostudiedtheinfluenceofotheryoungstersonthosewhocommitdelinquencies.Forexample,theypointoutthatmostyoungsterswhoengageindelinquentbehaviordosowithother

7、juvenilesandofteninorganizedgangs・Studiesindicatethatthecausesofdelinquencyalsoextendtoawholesociety.Forexample,delinquencyratestendtobehighamongthelow-incomcgroupsinsocietieswheremostpeoplearcwell-to-do.Thepainofbeingpoorandlivinginslumconditionsisfeltmorestronglyinarichso

8、cietythaninapoorone・Questions:1.Astothecausesofdelinquency,whichofthefollowinghave