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开头结尾常用句型1.开头的写法文章的开头除了要表明主题外，还有一个重要的任务就是吸引阅卷老师的注意。因此，开头一定要具有与众不同的吸引力，这样才能给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。下面介绍几种实用有效的开头方式及常用句型： 1)现象法所谓现象法，就是在文章开头就指出某种社会现象或问题。这种开头方式在六级写作中十分常见，主要应用于现象解释型作文和问题解决型作文。【常用句式】①Recently/Presentlythephenomenon/issue/problemof…hasbeenbroughtintofocus./arousedpublicattention/becomeaheatedtopic/beeninthelimelight.②With…,therearisesaheateddebateasto…③Withthesteady/rapid/amazingdevelopmentof…,peoplebeginto…④Inthepast…years,many…havebeenfaced/troubled/confrontedwith…⑤Nowadays/Recently,oneofthehottest/mostpopulartopics/problemsmanypeoplecomplain/concernabout/talkabout/discussis…⑥Nowadays,oursocietyiswitnessingmoreandmore…⑦Inthepast…years,therehasbeenasharp/dramaticincrease/growth/rise/declinein…Accordingtoanofficialreport/survey/poll,…⑧Inrecent…years,…hasexperiencedanalarmingincrease/growth/rise/declinein…【例13】Nowadays,oneofthehottestproblemsmanypeoplecomplainaboutnowispiracy.Books,tapes,VCDsandotherhigh-techproductshavebeenpirated.Forinstance,whenanewproductcomesontomarket,mostprobably,itspiratedversionwillsoonshowupinthemarket,too.【分析】本段文字是关于如何解决盗版问题的文章开头，运用了现象法，段首句使用了句式⑤。 2)对立法所谓对立法，就是引出人们对要讨论问题的不同看法和观点，然后提出自己的看法或者表明自己偏向哪一看法。这种开头方式方式一般用于有争议的主题，主要适用于对比选择型作文。【常用句式】①Whenasked…,agreat/vastmajorityofpeople/most…saythat…ButIthink/viewquitedifferently./Butinmyeye/view,…②Whenitcomesto…,somepeoplebelievethat…,butsomeothersargue/claimthat…(theopposite/reverseistrue).Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,but…(Itendtoagreeto/wouldprefertheformer/latter.)③Now,itiscommonly/generally/widelybelieved/held/acknowledgedthat….Theyclaim/believe/arguethat…ButIwonder/doubtwhether…④Nowadaysthereisnoagreementamongpeopleasto….Somepeoplefocuson/advocate/favor…whileothersmaythink….(Frommypointofview,…)⑤Whenfacedwith/Inthefaceof…quiteafewpeopleclaimthat…butotherpeopleargue…⑥Thereismuchdiscussion/publicdebate/controversynowadaysastotheproblemof…Somepeoplesaythat…Othersholdthat…⑦Thereisageneraldebateoverthephenomenonof…Peoplewhoareagainst/objecttoitclaim/hold…Butpeoplewhoadvocateit,ontheotherhand,claim/argue…⑧Thevalueofthisformof…isnowbeingquestionedby…/Thereisgrowingskepticismtoward…【例14】Nowadaysthereisnoagreementamongpeopleastothebestmeasureofacountry’ssuccess.Somepeoplefocusonricheconomywhileothersmaythinkitisthequalityoflifethathasnothingtodowithmoney.【分析】本段文字是关于什么是社会成功的标准的文章开头，运用了对立法，段首句使用了句式④。 3)观点法所谓观点法，就是开门见山，直截了当地提出本文要论证的观点或要解决的问题。这种开头方式主要适于观点论证型作文和问题解决型作文。【常用句式】①Nowthereisagrowingawareness/recognitionofthenecessityto…/Nowpeoplearebecomingincreasinglyaware/consciousoftheimportanceof…②Itistruethat…Noonecandeny…③…,whichhasbeengenerallyaccepted.Thetruthofitisdeepandprofound/self-evident.④Nowpeopleingrowing/significantnumbersarebeginning/comingtorealize/accept/beawarethat…⑤Nowherein…/Neverinhistoryhastheissue/change/ideaof…beenmoreevident/visible/popular/seriousthanin…⑥Perhaps/Maybeweshould/itistimetorethink/reexamine/haveafreshlookattheidea/value/attitude/wisdom/desirabilitythat…【例15】“Hastemakeswaste”-aproverbfulloflogic,whichhasbeengenerallyaccepted.Ittellsusthatwehavetodosomesteadyanddown-to-earthworkifwewanttoaccomplishsomething.Thetruthofitisdeepandprofound.【分析】本段文字是关于“欲速则不达”的文章开头，运用了观点法，段首句使用了句式③。 4)比较法所谓比较法，就是通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点进行比较，从而引出文章要讨论的观点。一般来说，对过去的观点都只是一笔带过，而将写作的重点放在现在的即文章要讨论的观点上。这种开头方式主要适用于观点论证型作文。【常用句式】①Foryears,…hadbeenviewedas…Butpeoplearetakingafreshlooknow.Withthegrowing/developmentof…,people…②Peopleusedtothinkthat…(Inthepast,…)Butpeopledon’tsharethisviewnow.③Itisatradition/custom/practice/traditionalway…Butnow/inrecentdecadesthingshavechanged.【例16】ItisacustomforChinesetogetmarriedwithapersonwiththesamefamilybackground,regardlessofthefacttheymayactuallydonotloveeachother.Butintherecentdecadesthingshavechanged.Chineseyoungpeoplenowtendtoconsiderlovetobetheonlyfactortodecidewhethertheywillgetmarriedwithsomeoneornot.【分析】本段文字是关于中国人对待婚姻的观念发生改变的文章开头，运用了比较法，段首句使用了句式③。 5)问题法所谓问题法，就是先将要讨论的问题进行设问，然后在解答的过程中引出观点。这样开头的好处在于从一开始就能引起读者的兴趣，但需要注意的是，如果问题设计不好，就会导致首段中心不突出，主题句表达苍白等负面效果，因此使用时要慎重。这种开头方式主要适用于对比选择型作文和现象解释型作文。【常用句式】①Should/What…?Opinionsof/Attitudestowards/Answersto…varywidely/greatly/frompersontoperson.Some…arefavorof/view/regard/thinkof…Othersbelieve/argue/claim…②“Whydo/have…?”Many…oftenask/posethequestionlikethis.③Oneofthebasic/hottopicfacingoursocietyis:What/Why…?④Howdoyouthinkoftheproblemof…?Inseekinganswertothisquestion,…⑤Whyistherea…insociety?Itisnoeasytasktoidentifythecausesforit.【例17】“WhydowehavetolearnEnglishwhileitmaybeuselessaftergraduation?”Manycollegestudentsoftenaskthequestionlikethis.Surelyitisbecausetheyhaven’trealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.Theydonotknowintheinternationalcommunication,Englishisalwaysthelanguagetobeused.【分析】本段文字是关于大学生为什么要学英语的文章开头，运用了问题法，段首句使用了句式②。 6)引用法所谓引用法，就是在文章开头引用名人名言、箴言、谚语或有代表性的看法，来引出文章要论述的观点。这种方法通过引用切合主题的名言警句，一方面可以突出主题，另一方面也能为文章增加文采，容易给人留下深刻的印象。但是这种开头要求考生必须有一定知识储备，对所使用的名言警句等要应运自如。另外，所引用的名言警句一定要为中心服务，不能单纯为了增加文采而引用。这种开头方式主要适用于观点论证型作文。【常用句式】①Oneofthegreat/earlywriters/philosophers/scientistssaid/wrote/remarked,“…”Ifthisistrue/thecase,thenthepresent/currentview/value/attitude/situationshouldmakeuswonderwhether…/ponderover…②“…”Thesameidea/complaint/attitudeisvoiced/echoed/sharedby…③“…”Howoftenwehear/Weareusedtohearing/Manypeoplehaveheard(such)statement/words/complaintlike/asthis/those.④Thereisanold/popularsaying/proverbwhichgoesthat….Thetruthofitisprofoundandsignificant./Underitssimplifiedcover,atruthisironicallypointedout,thatis,…⑤Onegreat…hadeversaid/onceremarked,“…”Nowitstillhasarealistic/profoundsignificance./Nowitisstillworkinginourmodernsociety./Nowmoreandmorepeoplesharethisbelief./Theremarkisstillconfirmedbypeopleintoday’ssociety./theremarkhasbeensharedbygenerations./Theviewhasbeenechoedbymany…【例18】Thereisanoldproverbwhichgoesthatthegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthevalley.Underitssimplifiedcover,atruthisironicallypointedout,thatis,peoplearenotcontentedwiththealreadyblessingsituation.Onthecontrary,wealwaysthinkthattherearepeoplearounduswhoaremuchmorefortunatethanus.Infactthiskindofopinionisverydangerous.【分析】本段文字是关于成功是靠运气还是靠努力奋斗的文章开头，运用了引用法，段首句使用了句式④。 2.结尾的写法文章的结尾一般篇幅不宜过长，但却也是决定文章成败的点睛之笔。面对堆积如山的试卷，阅卷老师的精力更多的是放在文章的开头、各段的过渡及文章的结尾。好的结尾，可以增添文章的效果和说服力，加深阅卷老师的印象。一篇文章的结尾是否能够产生最佳效果，关键是能否使用恰当的方法和优秀的句式有效地体现文章主题。 1)总结法所谓总结法，就是通过文章前面的讨论分析引出一段总结性的言论，重申文章的中心思想或总结自己的观点，作为全文的结束。这是一种最常见的结尾方式，主要用于观点论证型作文和对比选择型作文。【常用句式】①GiventhefactorsthatIhavejustoutlined,itiswisetosupportthestatementthat…②Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove/Judgingfromallevidenceoffered,wemaysafely/undoubtedlydraw/cometo/arriveattheconclusionthat…③Takingintoaccountallthesefactors/Inviewoftheabove-mentionedfacts,weshoulddraw/cometo/arriveattheconclusionthat…④Alltheavailable/conclusive/reliable/strikingevidencegoestoshow/pilesuptoshowthat…⑤Alltheevidence/analysissupports/warrantsanunmistakable/fairconclusionthat…⑥Alltheevidence/analysisjustifies/confirmsanunshakable/soundview/ideathat…⑦Alltheavailable/conclusive/reliable/strikingevidencepointstothefact/lendssupporttotheviewthat…⑧Tosumup/conclude,…/Theconclusionisself-evident.…⑨Weighingupthesetwoarguments,Iamfor….⑩Takingintoaccountallthesefactors/Inviewoftheabove-mentionedfacts,Iprefer…【例19】Toconclude,smokingisnothingbutevilasitissoharmfultopeople.Allsmokersshouldbetaughtofthegreatharmofsmokingandbepersuadedoutofsmoking.Moreimportantly,weshouldprotectourchildrenfromtheharmofsmokingthrougheducation.【分析】本段文字是吸烟有害健康的文章结尾，运用了总结法，段首句使用了句式⑧。 2)后果法所谓后果法，就是对所讨论的问题或现象可能会产生的后果做出预测或分析。这种后果可能是积极的，也可能是消极的，需根据文章主题而定。这种结尾方式主要适用于问题解决型作文和现象解释型作文。【常用句式】①Clearly/Obviously/Nodoubt,ifwedonot/cannot…/ifweignore/areblindto…,thereiseverychance/chancesthat…/itisverylikelythat…②Anyperson/nation/societywho/whichignores/isblindto/failstolearn…wouldpayaheavyprice.③Fortunately,however,moreandmorepeoplecometorealizetheimportanceof…andimprovementinnearfuture.④Ifweworkon…fromnowon,inforeseeablefuture,wewillnotbeperplexed/cursed/overwhelmedbythesamedilemma/problem.⑤Ifwecansolvetheproblemwithnoeffortsspared,humanbeingwillnotbecaught/stuckinthesameconditions.⑥Thereisnoeffective/easysolution/approachtotheissue/problemof…,but…mightbehelpful/beneficial./butourcommitmentwillberewardedaslongasweinsistonassumingourresponsibilityonit.⑦Followingthesemethodsmaynotguaranteethesuccessin…,butthepay-offwillbeworththesweatweshed.⑧Theeffectthat…willbringaboutarefar-reaching.【例20】Allthesethingscometoonesimplefact:peoplearealwaystryingveryhardtogetabetterlife.Anynationwhichignorestheimportanceofdevelopingitsproductivityandconsequentlyimprovingthelifeofitspeoplewillhavetopayaheavyprice.【分析】本段文字是关于要重视提高人们生活水平的文章结尾，运用了后果法，段首句使用了句式②。 3)呼吁法所谓呼吁法，就是在文章结尾敦促或呼吁读者作出努力，对某问题予以关注或采取行动。但是需要注意的是，不能空感口号，痛下决心，这样会使文章显得空洞，不伦不类。这种结尾方式主要适用于问题解决型作文。【常用句式】①Itishightimethatwe…/Itisripetimeforusto…innohalf-heartedmanner.②Itisessential/necessary/important/imperativethateffective/quick/propermeasures/actions/steps/remediesshouldbetakento…③Ifthereistimeto…,itisnow.④Toreversethetrendisnotalighttask,anditrequireskeenconsciousnessof…⑤Thereisnodenyingthatconsiderableattentionmustbepaidtotheplightof…⑥Wemustcallforanimmediateaction/method,becausethecurrenttendencyof…,ifpermittedtodevelopatwill,itwillresultinthedestructionof…⑦Onlywhen…allgointoactioncanwe…【例21】Itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestoprotectourenvironment.Governmentshouldmakealawtopunishthosepollutingourenvironment,andthepublicshouldrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.【分析】本段文字是关于如何保护社会环境的文章结尾，运用了呼吁法，段首句使用了句式①。 需要注意的是，结尾一定要与主题相匹配，切忌谈一些与主题无关的内容。另外，除了以上方法，结尾也可采用引用法和提出建议法。而且在实际写作时，可以不必局限于一种方法，要根据实际情况将几种方法有效结合。
