半导体光催化基础第五章-半导体光催化应用.ppt

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1、半导体光催化的应用1光催化分解水研究；染料敏化太阳能电池；环境保护等领域的研究。2HydrogenStorageFuelCellWaterINO2H2O2WaterOUTH2ElectrolysisPhotovoltaicsPhotosynthesisPhotocatalysisHydrogenEconomyBasedonSolarEnergy3atCat1:H++e-H.2H.H2(2e’s)atCat2:M-OH-+h+M-O-+H+2M-O-+H2OM-OOH+M-OH-2M-OOH2M-OH-+O2(4e’s)H2OH2+1/2O2(OverallWaterS

2、plitting)-CBVBCat1Cat2H22OH-O2+2H+2H+hv+hv+H2OH2+1/2O2×photocat*+H2OOphotocatPhotocatalyticWaterSplitting4PtH+H2hvH2OO2h+e-VBCBRuO2SchematicWateroxidationandreductionprocessoverphotocatalystEPhotocatalyticWaterSplitting5KeyStep:findnewphotocatalystZhigangZhouGroupK.DomenGroupCanLiGroupA.KudoG

3、roupInoueGroupLightSource:UVlightorVisibleLightOverallwaterdecompositiontoH2andO2FormationH2orO2separately(semi-reaction)PhotocatalyticWaterSplitting6UnderUVLightQuantumEfficiency紫外光区光催化分解水催化剂体系NiO/SrTiO3Ni/K4Nb6O17NiO/Ni/K2La2Ti3O10NiO/NaTaO3:La1%(300nm)K.Domen,J.Phys.Chem.,198610%(300nm)A.

4、Kudo,JCatal.,198930%(300nm)K.Domenetal.,J.Phys.Chem.200252%(270nm)A.Kudoetal.,JACS,20037UV-VisdiffusereflectionspectraforSm2Ti2O7andSm2Ti2S2O5A.Ishikawaetal,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2002,124,13547.H2evolutionfrom1.0wt%Pt-Sm2Ti2S2O5undervisiblelightirradiation(>440nm)可见光区光催化分解水催化剂8UV-Visdiffusereflec

5、tionspectraforSm2Ti2O7andSm2Ti2S2O5A.Ishikawaetal,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2002,124,13547.H2evolutionfrom1.0wt%Pt-Sm2Ti2S2O5undervisiblelightirradiation(>440nm)可见光区光催化分解水催化剂9UV-VisdiffusereflectionspectraofZnIn2S4andZnSH2evolutionfrom2.0wt%Pt-ZnIn2S4undervisiblelightirradiation(>420nm)ZhibinLeiandCan

6、Lietal,Chem.Commun.,2003,2142..10Time/hH2andO2/molmmIn0.9Ni0.1TaO4TaO6InO6Photocatalyst＋WaterO2H2Nature,414,625-627,2001l>420nm11DopingeffectonactivityofInTaO4undervisiblelightirradiationH2O212TEMimagesofNiOx,RuO2andPtco-catalystsonIn1-xNixTaO4andIn1-xNixNbO4surfaceBestactivity:NiOxco-cataly

7、stPtRuO2NiOxNiOxe-h+13染料敏化纳米晶体太阳能电池目前，DSSCs的光电转化效率已能稳定在10％以上，寿命能达15～20年，且其制造成本仅为硅太阳能电池的1/5～1/10.※Ref：O’ReganB.andGrätzelM.,Nature,1991,353,737~7401991年※，GrätzelM.于《Nature》上发表了关于染料敏化纳米晶体太阳能电池（DyeSensitizedSolarCells，简称DSSCs）的文章以较低的成本得到了>7%的光电转