2012诺贝尔经济学奖得主.ppt

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1、2012诺贝尔经济学奖得主QuestionWhythetwomenwontheprize？What’sthisyear'sprizeineconomicsciencesabout?Thisyear,theNobelPrizeforeconomicsrecognizestwoAmericansfortheirwork.StaffanNormark,PermanentSecretaryoftheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences,madetheannouncementMonday."TheRoyalS

2、wedishAcademyofScienceshasdecidedtoawardtheSverigesRiksbankPrizeinEconomicSciencesinMemoryofAlfredNobel2012toProfessorAlvinRothatHarvardUniversity,Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA...AndtoProfessorLloydS.ShapleyatUniversityofCaliforniaLosAngeles.“StaffanNormarkaddedthe

3、reasonthetwomenwontheprize."Forthetheoryofstableallocationandthepracticeofmarketdesign."TheNobelPrizeineconomicsisoftenawardedfordiscoveriesinhowmarketsworkorhowmarketactorsbehave.ButAlvinRothandLloydShapleythoughtofwaystodesignmarkets.PerKruselloftheRoyalSwedish

4、AcademyofSciencesexplaineditthisway."Thisyear'sprizeineconomicsciencesisabouteconomicengineering.It'sabouthowtopracticallydesigncertainmarketssothattheyworkwell."LloydShapleyworkedwithDavidGaleonaresearchprojectinthe1960s.Itdealtwithhowtomatchuptenmenandtenwomeni

5、nstrong,successfulmarriages.Thetworesearchersdevelopedanalgorithm（运算法则）ormathematicalformula（数学公式）.Itprovidedamodelsuggestingawaythatallthosecouplescouldbematchedbest.Thealgorithmdidnotdoverymuchtosolveanyone'smarriageissues.Butitdidsuggestwaystounderstandsomek

6、indsofmarketsbetter.DavidGalediedafewyearsago.AlvinRothbuiltonthework,althoughheandLloydShapleydidnotworktogether.Mr.RothrecognizedthevalueoftheGale-Shapleyfindings.Andheappliedittoreal-lifemarkets.Theseincludedmarketswherethenormalsupplyanddemandrelationshipdo

7、esnotwork,andwherepaymentisnotused.Thesemarketsrequirematchingmarketactorssuchasorgandonorsandrecipients,orstudentswithpublicschools.Mr.Roth'sworkwasalsousedtomatchnewdoctorswithhospitals.TheRoyalSwedishAcademycalledtheworkofMr.RothandMr.Shapleyanoutstandingexamp

8、leofeconomicengineering.AlvinRothsaidmarketdesignisanewfieldandtheprizemaydrawmoreattentiontoit."Youknow,mycolleaguesandIworkinanareathatwe'recalling'marke