冠状病毒Coronavirusl论文-2006 [Advances in Virus Research] Volume 66 __ The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses.pdf

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1、ADVANCESINVIRUSRESEARCH,VOL66THEMOLECULARBIOLOGYOFCORONAVIRUSESPaulS.MastersWadsworthCenter,NewYorkStateDepartmentofHealthAlbany,NewYork12201I.IntroductionII.TaxonomyIII.VirionMorphology,StructuralProteins,andAccessoryProteinsA.VirusandNucleocapsidB.SpikeProtein(S)C.Memb

2、raneProtein(M)D.EnvelopeProtein(E)E.NucleocapsidProtein(N)F.GenomeG.AccessoryProteinsIV.ViralReplicationCycleandVirionAssemblyA.ReceptorsandEntryB.VirionAssemblyInteractionsC.GenomePackagingV.RNASynthesisA.ReplicationandTranscriptionB.RNARecombinationC.ReplicaseComplexVI

3、.GeneticsandReverseGeneticsReferencesABSTRACTCoronavirusesarelarge,envelopedRNAvirusesofbothmedicalandveterinaryimportance.Interestinthisviralfamilyhasintensifiedinthepastfewyearsasaresultoftheidentificationofanewlyemergedcoronavirusasthecausativeagentofsevereacuterespirat

4、orysyn-drome(SARS).Atthemolecularlevel,coronavirusesemployavarietyofunusualstrategiestoaccomplishacomplexprogramofgeneexpres-sion.Coronavirusreplicationentailsribosomeframeshiftingduringgenometranslation,thesynthesisofbothgenomicandmultiplesub-genomicRNAspecies,andtheass

5、emblyofprogenyvirionsbyapath-waythatisuniqueamongenvelopedRNAviruses.Progressintheinvestigationoftheseprocesseshasbeenenhancedbythedevelopmentofreversegeneticsystems,anadvancethatwasheretoforeobstructed1930065-3527/06$35.00DOI:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3194PAULS.MASTER

6、Sbytheenormoussizeofthecoronavirusgenome.Thisreviewsum-marizesbothclassicalandcontemporarydiscoveriesinthestudyofthemolecularbiologyoftheseinfectiousagents,withparticularemphasisonthenatureandrecognitionofviralreceptors,viralRNAsynthesis,andthemolecularinteractionsgovern

7、ingvirionassembly.I.INTRODUCTIONCoronavirusesareafamilyofenvelopedRNAvirusesthataredistributedwidelyamongmammalsandbirds,causingprincipallyrespiratoryorentericdiseasesbutinsomecasesneurologicillnessorhepatitis(LaiandHolmes,2001).Individualcoronavirusesusuallyinfecttheirh

8、ostsinaspecies-specificmanner,andinfectionscanbeacuteorpersistent.Infectionsaretransmittedmainlyviarespi