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1、英汉对比之形合与意合黄山学院程汕姗形合与意合(Hypotacticvs.Paratactic)形合（Hypotactic）句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。Thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives.(TheAmericanHeritageDictionary)Example:Ishalldespairifyoudon’tcome.意合（Paratactic）词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通
2、过词语或分句的含义表达。Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem.(TheWorldBookDictionary)Example:大雨倾盆，河水泛滥，冲毁了很多民房。英语的形合法英语造句多用各种形式手段连接，注重显性接应（overtcohesion），重形式，重结构。相对汉语而言其连接手段和形式不仅数量大，种类多，而且使用频率极高。关系词和连接词关系词：who,whom,whose,that,which,what,when,where
3、,whyetc.连接主从句。连接词：and,or,but,because,so,however,aswellas,either…or…,as,since,until,unless,so…that…etc.连接词、词组、分句或状语从句。英语的形合法Allwasclearedupsometimelaterwhennewscamefromadistantplacethatanearthquakewasfelttheverydaythelittlecopperballfall.过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。W
4、henItrytounderstandwhatitisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.为什么如此众多的美国人不能如人们想像中的那般幸福呢？我在思考这个问题时认为原因有二，这两者之间又有深浅之分。英语的形合法介词简单介词：with,to,above,over,in,of,aboutetc.合成介词：inside,onto,upon,wit
5、hin,without,throughoutetc.成语介词：accordingto/inaccordancewith,alongwith,becauseof,onbehalfofetc.“Aprepositionmaybedefinedasaconnectingwordshowingtherelationofanounorsubstituteforanountosomeotherwordinthesentence…PrepositionsappearconstantlyinEnglishspeechandwriting.…Overninetypercento
6、fprepositionusageinvolvesthesenineprepositions:with,to,from,at,in,of,by,forandon.”英语的形合法Themanycoloursofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside.彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。Changeofinformation,ifany,concerningthecontentsofthissectionwillbeintheappendixattheendofthisbook.本节内容如有改变，均见书末
7、附录。Thepresentonslaughtofvehiclesposesaseriousthreattourbanlifeandpedestrianpeaceofmind.现如今车辆横冲直撞，严重威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。英语的形合法其他连接手段形态变化形式：词缀变化，各种词性的形态变化（如数、格、时、体、语态等）以及保持前后一致的关系（grammaticalandnotionalconcord）代词HeboaststhataslaveisfreethemomenthisfeettouchBritishsoilandhesellsthechild
8、renofthepooratsixye
