冠状病毒Coronavirusl论文-2016 [Springer Protocols Handbooks] Animal Coronaviruses __ Animal Coronaviruses_ A Brief Introduction.pdf

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1、Chapter1AnimalCoronaviruses:ABriefIntroductionLeyiWangandYanZhangAbstractCoronaviruses(CoVs)aresingle-strandedpositive-senseenvelopedRNAviruses.AmongRNAviruses,CoVshavethelargestgenome.CoVsinfectdiverseanimalspeciesincludingdomesticandwildanimals.Inthischapter,wepro

2、videabriefreviewonanimalCoVsbydiscussingtheirreceptor,hostspecificity,reversegenetics,andemergingandre-emergingporcineCoVs.KeywordsAnimalcoronavirus,Receptor,Reversegenetics,Porcinecoronavirus1ClassificationCoronaviruses(CoVs)belongtoNidoviralesorder,Coronaviridaefami

3、ly,Coronavirinaesubfamily.CoVscontainthelargestRNAgenome,rangingfrom25to33kilobasesinlength[1].Basedonthephylogeneticanalysis,CoVsareclassifiedintofourgenera,alpha,beta,gamma,anddeltaCoVs.CoVsofeachgenusarefoundindiverseanimalspeciesincludinghorses,cows,pigs,dogs,cat

4、s,birds,andferrets(Fig.1)andcauserespiratory,enteric,hepatitic,renal,neurological,andotherdiseases.ItstillremainsunclearhowCoVsofeachspeciesevolveandcorrelatebutdifferentevolutionmodelshavebeenproposed.In2007,thefirstevolutionmodelonCoVwaspro-posedthatbatCoVsserveasg

5、enesourcesofallCoVs[2].However,evidenceaccumulatedduringthefollowing2yearsseemsnottosup-portthishypothesis[1].Anotherevolutionmodelwasthenpro-posedthatbatCoVservesgenesourcesofalphaandbetaCoVwhilebirdCoVservesgenesourcesofgammaanddeltaCoV[3].2ReceptorandHostUponrece

6、ptorbindingandmembranefusion,CoVsentercellsandreplicateinthecytoplasm.CoVsineachgenusutilizedifferentreceptorsforattachment.ForAlphacoronavirusgenus,porcine,LeyiWang(ed.),AnimalCoronaviruses,SpringerProtocolsHandbooks,DOI10.1007/978-1-4939-3414-0_1,©SpringerScience+

7、BusinessMediaNewYork201634LeyiWangandYanZhangγ-CoVAvianCoVPRCVTGEVCanineCoVα-CoVFelineCoVβCoVPEDVEquineCoVPHEVBovineCoVPDCoV0.1δ-CoVFig.1Phylogenetictreeconstructedonthebasisofthewhole-genomesequencesbyusingtheneighbor-joiningmethodintheMEGAsoftwarepackage,version6

8、.05(ra)showsmajoranimalcoronavirusesineachgenus.CoVcoronavirus,TGEVtransmissiblegastroenteritisvirus,PRCVporcinerespiratorycoronavirus,PED