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1、环境工程英文文献附带带翻译:地铁开挖引起的环境问题及补救建议Environmentaiprob1emscausedbyIstanbulsubwayexcavationandsuggestionsforremediationlbrahimOcakAbstract:Manyenvironmentalproblemscausedbysubwayexcavationshaveinevitablybecomeanimportantpointincitylife.Theseproblemscanbecategorizedastransportingan
2、dstockingofexcavatedmaterial,traf?cjams,noise,vibrations,pilesofdustmudandlackofsupplies.Althoughtheseproblemscausemanydif?culties,themostpressingforabigcitylikeIstanbulisexcavation,sinceotherlisteddif?cultiesresultfromit.Moreover,theseproblemsareenvironmentallyandregional
3、lyrestrictedtotheperiodoverwhichconstructionprojectsareunderwayanddisappearwhenconstructionis?nished.Currently,inIstanbul,thereareninesubwayconstrueti()nprojectsinoperation,coveringapproximate!y73kmin1ength;over200kmtobeconstructedinthenearfuture.Theamountofmaterialexcavat
4、edfromongoingconstructionprojectscoversapproximately12millionm3.Inthisstudy,problems?pTini3rily,theproblemwithexcavationwasteEW?causedbysubwayexcavationareanalyzedandsuggestionsforremediationareoffered.Keywords:EnvironmentalproblemsSubwayexcavationWastemanagementIntroducti
5、onNowadays,citiesarespreadingoverlargerareaswithincreasingdemandonextendingtransportfacilities.Thus,al1overtheworld,especiallyincitieswherethepopulationexceeds300,000?400,000people,railway-basedmeansoftransportationisbeingacceptedastheultimatesolution.Therefore,largeinvest
6、mentsinsubwayandlightrailconstructionarerequired.Theconstructionofstatedsystemsrequiressurfaceexcavations,cutandcovertunnelexcavations,boredtunnelexcavations,redirectionofinfrastructuresandtunnelconstruetionprojects.Theseelementsdisturbtheenvironmentandaffecteverydaylifeof
7、citizensintermsofrunningwater,naturalgas,sewersystemsandtelephonelines.Onereasonwhymetroexcavationsaffecttheenvironmentisthehugeamountofexcavatedmaterialproduced.Moreover,alargeamountofthisexcavatedmaterialiscomposedofmuddyandbentonitematerial.Storingexcavatedmaterialthenb
8、ecomescrucial.Aconsiderableamountofpressurehasbeenplacedonof?cialstostoreandrecycleanykin