电子信息类专业英语Unit13SingleChipComputer.ppt

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1、Unit13SingleChipComputerTextKeywordsTechnicaltermsExpressionsNotestothetextTextSingleChipMicrocomputerisalsonamedMicrocontrollerUnitorEmbeddedController.Amicrocontroller(orMCU)isacomputer-on-a-chip.Itisatypeofmicroprocessoremphasizingself-sufficiencyandcost

2、-effectivenessincontrasttoageneral-purposemicroprocessor(thekindusedinaPC).Inadditiontoallarithmeticandlogicelementsofageneralpurposemicroprocessor,themicrocontrollerusuallyalsointegratesadditionalelementssuchasread-onlyandread-writememory,andinput/outputin

3、terfaces.Microcontrollersarefrequentlyusedinautomaticallycontrolledproductsanddevices,suchasautomobileenginecontrolsystems,officemachines,appliances,powertools,andtoys.Byreducingthesize,cost,andpowerconsumptioncomparedtoadesignusingaseparatemicroprocessor,m

4、emory,andinput/outputdevices,microcontrollersmakeiteconomicaltoelectronicallycontrolmanymoreprocesses.Themajorityofcomputersystemsinusetodayareembeddedinothermachinery,suchastelephones,clocks,appliances,andvehicles.Anembeddedsystemmayhaveminimalrequirements

5、formemoryandprogramlength.Inputandoutputdevicesmaybediscreteswitches,relays,orsolenoids.Anembeddedcontrollermaylackanyhuman-readableinterfacedevicesatall.Forexample,embeddedsystemsusuallydon’thavekeyboards,screens,disks,printers,orotherrecognizableI/Odevice

6、sofapersonalcomputer.Microcontrollersmaycontrolelectricmotors,relaysorvoltages,andmayreadswitches,variableresistorsorotherelectronicdevices.Incontrasttogeneral-purposeCPUs,microcontrollersmaynotimplementanexternaladdressordatabus,becausetheyintegrateRAMandn

7、on-volatilememoryonthesamechipastheCPU.Becausetheyneedfewerpins,thechipcanbeplacedinamuchsmaller,cheaperpackage.Amicrocontrollerisasingleintegratedcircuit,commonlywiththefollowingfeatures:centralprocessingunit-rangingfromsmallandsimple4-bitprocessorstocomp

8、lex32-or64-bitprocessorsdiscreteinputandoutputbits,allowingcontrolordetectionofthelogicstateofanindividualpackagepinserialinput/outputsuchasserialports(UARTs)otherserialcommunicationsinterfaceslikeI