肺癌的化疗夏黎明课件.ppt

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1、Alsocalled:BronchogeniccarcinomaLungcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersintheworld.Itisaleadingcauseofcancerdeathinmenandwomenintheworld.Cigarettesmokingcausesmostlungcancers.Riskfactors:cigarettes,highlevelsofpollution,radiationandasbestosexposure,etc.Yourlungsaretwospongyorgansinyourchestthat

2、aredividedintosections(lobes).Everytimeyouinhale,airiscarriedthroughthewindpipetoyourlungsintwomajorairways(bronchi).Insideyourlungs,thebronchisubdivideintoamillionsmallerairways(bronchioles),whichfinallyendinclustersoftinyairsacs(alveoli).Withintheairsacs,oxygenisabsorbedintoyourbloodstream

3、andcarbondioxideisreleased.TypesoflungcancerSmallcelllungcancer.Smallcelllungcancer,sometimescalledoatcellcarcinoma,occursalmostexclusivelyinheavysmokersandislesscommonthannon-smallcelllungcancer.Non-smallcelllungcancer.Non-smallcelllungcancerisanumbrellatermforseveraltypesoflungcancersthatb

4、ehaveinasimilarway.Non-smallcelllungcancersincludesquamouscellcarcinoma,adenocarcinomaandlargecellcarcinoma.HowIsLungCancerDiagnosed?SymptomsandsyndromesPulmonarysymptomsSymptomsinotherorgansSymptomslinkedtotumormetabolismBlood(hematologic)syndromesVeinandartery(vascular)syndromesSkin(cutane

5、ous)syndromesMusculoskeletalsyndromesNervoussystem(neurologic)syndromesHormonal(endocrine)syndromesMiscellaneoussyndromesTestsanddiagnosisScreeningDiagnosisImagingtestsSputumcytologyTissuesamples(biopsy)bronchoscopymediastinoscopyneedlebiopsy(Left)ConventionalCTscanwithoutcontrastshowingposs

6、ibletumorintheliver.(Right)ConventionalCTscanofthesamepatientusingcontrast.ImagescourtesyofDr.PeterChoyke,DepartmentofRadiology,ClinicalCenter,NationalInstitutesofHealth.BronchoscopySmallCellLungCarcinoma(above)accountsforabout15percentofalllungcancercases.Normallungcells(above).StageI.Cance

7、ratthisstagehasinvadedtheunderlyinglungtissuebuthasn'tspreadtothelymphnodes.StageII.Thisstagecancerhasspreadtoneighboringlymphnodesorinvadedthechestwall.StageIIIA.Atthisstage,cancerhasspreadfromthelungtolymphnodesinthecenterofthechest.StageIIIB.The