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1、教材指导人教版高二unit7Livingwithdisease第七单元患病的生活【Part1BackgroundKnowledge背景知识】目前全球艾滋病病毒感染者总数为4200多万人，我国艾滋病病毒感染人数已达100万人。触目惊心的数据表明，艾滋病的确已成“世纪之痛”。联合国第15个“世界艾滋病日”提出了“相互关爱，共享生命”(liveandletlive)的主题。但只有了解有关艾滋病的知识，有效地防治艾滋病，才能享受健康快乐的人性。TheoriginandspreadofAIDSManyscientiststhink,thev
2、iruswhichcausesAIDSdidjumpfromtheAfricanGreenMonkey.WhileitisdifficulttodeterminepreciselywhenandwherethefirstcaseofAidsorHIVinfectionoccurredinAfrica,retrospective(追溯的)studiesonthefrequencyofcertainclinicaldiseasesassentinelmarkersofAIDSindicatethattherewasamarkedinc
3、reaseincasesinAfricaduringthelate1970’sandearly1980’s.Africainthelate1970’swasacontinentinsocialtransition.Becauseofpovertyinofthecountrysideandthegrowthofcitiesinthecountryatthesametime,therewaslargeshiftinpopulations,whichcausedthefastspreadofthediseaseonceithadarri
4、vedinthebloodstreamofthefirsthumanbeing.Someofthevery“earliest”casesofadisease,whichbecameknownin1981asAIDS,wereoccurringincentralAfricainthe“AIDSBelt”ofUganda,Rwanda,Zaire(扎伊尔)andTanzania.Themostagreed-upon(一致同意的)dateastotheidentityof“PatientO”inWestisJune5,1981.Itwa
5、sonthatdatethattheMortality(死亡率)andMorbidity(发病率)WeeklyReport,publishedbytheUnitedStatesGovernmentHealthStatisticsBranchoftheCentersforDiseaseControlinAtlanta,Georgia,firstpublishedtheidentityofadiseaseinwhich“thepossibilityofacellular-immune(细胞免疫的)dysfunction(机能障碍)re
6、latedtoacommonexposure”wasprinted.ThediseasecametobeknownwithinafewmonthsasAIDS.AIDSistrulyadiseaseofmoderntimes.Somesaythatitmadeitsappearanceatthistimeinhistorymainlybecausetheworldhasbecomesomuchsmallerduetotransportationandthemigrationofpeoplefromoneplacetoanother
7、.Thatproposalhasalotoftruthtoit.Especiallyindevelopingcountries,greatnumbersofpeopleareforcedtotravelfromtheirsimplerurallivestothegreatcitieswherealcohol,drugs,andprostitution(卖淫)causeepidemics(流行)ofcertainillnesses,mostparticularly,AIDS.许多科学家认为，导致艾滋病的病毒来自非洲的青猴。虽然很难确
8、切地断定第一例艾滋病或HIV感染者发生在非洲的何时何地，但是，从以往对带有艾滋病症状的某些临床疾病发生频率的研究来看，表明这类病例在20世纪70年代未、80年代初在非洲有明显的增长。20世纪70年代后期的非洲是一个处于社会转变中的大陆，由于农村的贫
