条件反射-操作条件反射.doc

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1、Goodmorningeveryone.Nowlet’stalkaboutclassicalconditioningandoperantconditioning.Idivideitintothreeparts.Thefirstisclassicalconditioning.andthenoperantconditioning,atlastLearningbehaviorofpeople.Firstlet’sknowsomethingaboutclassicalconditioning.weshouldknowpavlovandhi

2、sdog.pavlov’sinitialdiscoveryofwhatwenowcallclassicalconditioningemergesfromhisearlierstudiesofdigestivereflexesindogs.thatistosay,atfirstpavlovdoesn’tknowclassicalconditioningbutwhenhestudythedigestiveofdogs.hefoundit.Andthisisthedogintheexperiment.fromthepicture,wec

3、anseethedog’ssalivaryductissurgicallyconnectedtoaglasstube.thatisusedtomeasuresalivation.intheexperiments.pavlovfoundthatthedogscouldbeconditionedtoproducesecretionsinresponsetostimulithayreliablyprecedethepresentationoffood.Togiveadetailedexplanation.let’sseethesefou

4、rpictures.firstlet’sseepicturea.beforeconditioning.wegivethedogalight,andsesifthedogsalivate.fromourcommonsense,weallknowthatthedogwillnotsalivate.andintheexperiment.ofcouesethedogdoesn’tsalivate.thatmeansneutralstimulus-lightwillcausenoconsisitentresponse.andthenlet’

5、sseepictureb,thistimewewillgivethedogaboneandseeifitwillsalivate.fromtheexperiment.thedogwillsalivate.thatmeansunconditionedstimulus-foodwillcauseunconditionedreflex-salivation.ithinkexperimrntaandbareusedtoprovethatthedogisnormalandtobecontrastwiththeexperimentsbelow

6、.that’sjustmyownopinion.let’scontinue,duringconditioning.let’sseepicturec.thistimewedon’tgivethedogboneorthelightalone.wegiveittheboneandthelighttogether.andthedogwillalsosalivate.nextwewillrepeattheexperimentmanytimes.andfinally.afterconditioninglet’sseepictured.this

7、timeweonlygivethedoglightandtooursurprise.wefoundthatthedogsalivate.andthisiscalledclassicalconditioning.Aswehavetalkmanythingsaboutanimals.andhowaboutpeople.whenyouthinktwice.youwillfoundmanyexamplesinourdailylife.nowlet’sseepeople’sclassicalconditioning.forexample.i

8、fyouhaveabadtoothandyouwillgotohospitaltoletthedoctorpullthetoothout.butunfortunately.aweeklater,anothertoothofyoursisbadand