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1、ChapterII MorphologicalStructureofEnglishwordsOverviewMorphemesWhatisamorpheme?Morphemes,phonemesandsyllablesAllomorphsClassificationofmorphemesFreemorphemes&boundmorphemesRoots&affixesRleationsbetweenthetwoclassificationsNationnational----nation+alnationalize-
2、---nation+al+izedenationalize---de+nation+al+izedenationalization---de+nation+al+iz+ationAword,therefore,consistsofoneormoremorphemes.Whatisamorpheme?Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.Wordsarefor
3、medbymorphemes,awordmaybecomposedofoneormoremorphemesOnemorpheme-----------fruitTwomorpheme-----------fruit+fulThreemorpheme-----------un+fruit+fulFourmorpheme-----------un+fruit+ful+nessMorethan4morphemes------un+gentle+man+li+nessMorphemes,phonemes&syllablesp
4、honeme:onlyconveyssounddistinctionk/k/&u/ju:/a/ei/andi/ai/:tame,timemorphemea:usedasanindefinitearticle;atypicalI:designatesthefirstpersonsingularsyllableAmorphememayberepresentedbyonesyllableorbytwoormoresyllables.child,like,put,lady,introduceOftenthesyllabics
5、tructureofawordanditsmorphemicstructuredonotcorrespond.dis·a·gree·a·ble(dis+agree+able)Allomorphs(语[词]素变体，形位变体）Amorphememaytakevariousshapesorforms.Morpheme-sbooks-spigs-zhorses-iz/-tion/-sion/-ation-im/-in/-il/-ir“Anallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeas
6、conditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds”(Webster’sNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage).ClassificationofMorphemesFreemorphemesandboundmorphemesAfreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.Itcanexistonitsownwithoutaboundmorpheme.Man,faith,read,write,redA
7、boundmorphemecannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutterance;itmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorbound.ly,re,ed,s,esInflectionalelementsandaffixesareboundmorphemesRootsandaffixesArootisthebasicunchangeablepartofawordwhichconveysthefundamentalmeaningoftheword.
8、Freeroots:Morphemesaresaidtobefreeiftheycanstandaloneaswords,suchasblackinblack,blackbird,blackboard.FreerootsprovidetheEnglishlanguagewithabasisfortheformationofnewwords.Bo
