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Unit1GreatscientistsPeriod1VocabularyI.词语辨析1.character/characteristicn.【解释】character性格,品质(本身具有的);角色,人物;字体,字符characteristic特点,特征(区别于其他事物)【练习】选择character或characteristic并用其适当的形式填空1)Heprovedhimselftruegentlemanandthebeautyofhis_______wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.2)Peoplelivinginthecityaredifferentfromthoseinthecountrysidein_________.3)Whatarethe__________thatdistinguishtheChinesefromtheJapanese?4)Chinese__________attracta greatnumberofforeignersallovertheworld.2.examine/check/test检查【解释】examine仔细察看或观察(以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病)check检查(含有"校对"或"找错"的意思)test检查,检测(以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准)【练习】选择check,examine或test,并用其适当的形式填空1)Iwasbeing_______foradrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.2)Thedoctor_________himcarefully.3)Theintervieweralways_______herfactsbeforesendingthemtotheeditor.3cure/treat治疗,治疗,【解释】cure表示治愈的结果treat表示治疗的过程【练习】选择cure或treat并用其适当的形式填空1)Afterbeing________forsuchalongtime,thewound___________atlast.4blame/scold责备【解释】blame责备;谴责;归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚；scold斥责""责骂"指大声呵斥,责备,唠唠叨叨地说,常用于长辈对晚辈,【练习】1)Don't_______itonhim,butonme.2)Theparents______thenaughtyboyandaskedhimtoleavethehomeatonce.5reject/refuse拒绝【解释】reject后接名词,(含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾)refuse后接名词,动名词,可表"谢绝"【练习】选择refuse或reject并用其适当的形式填空1)TheChristianChurch________histheory,sayingitwasagainstGod'sidea.2)Ican'tstandworkingwithJaneinthesameoffice.Shejust________tostoptalkingwhilesheworks.II.词形变化1.sciencen,科学______________adj.科学的______________n.科学家2.announcern,广播员,告知者________________v.宣布__________________n.宣布3.instructv..指导,命令________________n.指导,指示_______________adj.有益的,教育性的4.valuableadj.有价值的_____________n.价值_______________v.估价,评价5.enthusiasmn.狂热,热心_____________adj.热心的,热情的6 【练习】根据句子结构,用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)The_________tookavery________approachto_________.(science)2)The______makea(n)________thatallthedetailsshould_______throughthebroadcast.(announce)3)Itis______andeasyforthechildrentoreadsomemasterpieceswiththe_______atthebottomofeachpage.(instruct)4)"Youdon'tseemvery______abouttheidea.""Idon'tmind,"shesaid,withoutmuch______.(enthusiasm)Ⅲ.重点词汇重点词汇1.concludevi.&vt.终结;结束;推断;决定[典例]1)Themeetingconcludedatteno'clock.会议于十点钟结束.2)Itishardtoconclude.这很难断定.[重点用法]conclusionn.结束,结论make/draw/reach/cometo/arriveataconclusion下结论,得出结论;bringsth.toaconclusion使…结束;inconclusion作为结论,最后;[练习]汉译英(宾从)1.我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地.2.我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情,也就是他在撒谎.2.attendv.1)注意;留意;处理(与to连用)=dowith2)出席;到场:3)照看;照料:=takecare;lookafter[典例]1)We'llattendtotheproblemlater.稍后我们将关注那个问题.2)Whichdoctorisattendingyou?哪一个医生为你看病?[重点用法]attendancen.出席,出席的人数,伺候,照料attendschool上学attendalecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议attendawedding/ceremony出席婚礼'/参加典礼[练习]汉译英他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座.3.exposevt.1)使暴露,显露2)曝光3)揭露[重点用法]beexposedto….置身于……;暴露于…[典例]1)Arealartistcanalwaysexposehisstudentstogoodartandmusic称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐2)Thisfilmhasbeenexposed.这片子已经感光.3)Heexposedtheplantothenewspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划.4)Asajournalistinthewar,shewasexposedtomanydangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.[练习]用expose的恰当形式填空.1)Thesoilwaswashedawaybytheflood,_____________barerock.2)Thebabywasleft____________thewindandrain.4.absorb1)吸收2)使(精神)贯注3)占用(时间)[重点用法]beabsorbedin全神贯注于;热衷于;absorbone'sattention吸引某人注意力6 [典例]1)Heisabsorbedinstudy.他专心读书.2)Thisjobabsorbsallofmytime.这件工作占用了我的全部时间.[练习]汉译英1)颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力.2)这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用.5.blamevt.责备;谴责;归咎于;n.责怪;(过失,过错等)责任[典例]1)Thecarelessdriveristoblameforthetrafficaccidenthappeningyesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责.2)Whoistoblameforthefailure?谁该为这次的失败负责?3)Thestudentblamedtheteacherforhisfailure.学生因失败而怪老师.[重点用法]blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人blamesth.onsb.因某事而指责某人sb.betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责;注意:betoblame应负责(无被动形式).[练习]汉译英1)看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.2)这件事谁也不能怨.6.instructvt教导;指示[典例]1)MissLiuinstructedaclassinmathlastyear.刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.2)ThevolunteersoftengotoanorphanhometoinstructorphansinEnglish这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.3)Hewasinstructedwhentostartthroughtheemail.他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知4)HewasinstructedtosailforNewYork.他奉命前往纽约.[重点用法]instructsb.(insth.)教,教导,传授技能instructsb.todo命令,指示,instructthat-clause通知[练习]汉译英1同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里.7.contributevi.&vt.捐助,捐献,贡献;投稿[典例]1)Hecontributedtothechurch.他向教会捐款.2)Heoftencontributestothisnewspaper.他经常向这家报社投稿.3)Cigarettesmokingisamajorfactorcontributingtocancer.吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素.[重点用法]contribution.n.捐献,贡献;投稿contribute…to…向……捐献(投稿)contributeto…促成,起作用,有助于makeacontributionto/towards向……捐赠;对…作出贡献注意:以上短语中to为介词;[练习]用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空.1)Everyoneisencouragedto___________thediscussion.2)Herworkhas___________ourunderstandingofthisdifficultsubject.Ⅳ重点词组(旨在提供综合运用所需材料)1.putforward提出(建议等);推荐某人或自己任职位;提名[典例]1)Heputforwardanewplanyesterday.他昨天提出一个新计划.6 2)MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?我能否提名你当委员会主席?[短语归纳]puton穿上;增加putonperformances演出putanendto结束;终止putoff推迟;延期;putone'sheartinto全神贯注于putdown写下putout生产;扑灭putback放回;送回putup举起;张贴[练习]用put构成的短语填空:1)Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelf,butplease__________thebookswhenyou'vefinishedwiththem.2)Heoften____________someusefuladvice.1.apartfrom除……之外;另外[典例]1)Apartfromafewfaults,heisaperfectteacher.除了几个缺点之外,他是一个很好的老师.2)Apartfromthecost,thedressdoesn'tsuitme.姑且不论价格,这件礼服也不适合我穿.[短语归纳]inadditionto除……之外(还有,包括在内)besides除……之外(还有,包括在内)except(for)除……之外除……之外(还有,不包括在内)exceptthat除了…除……之外(还有,不包括在内)[练习]选择以上短语填空.1)Asaseniorstudent,westudyothersubjects__________English.2)Yourarticleiswellwritten__________somespellingmistakes.3.makesense讲得通;有意义[典例]1.Whathesaysmakessense.他说的有道理.2.Canyoumakesenseofthispoem?你能明白这首诗的含义吗?3.Whatyousayistrueinasense.你所说的在某种意义上是真实的.[短语归纳]makenosense讲不通;无意义makesenseof了解,明白inasense就某种意义而言;在某种意义上[练习]汉译英1)他试了许多次,但这个长句依然讲不通.2)从某种意义上说,这部影片富含意义.Period2ReadingStep1.NewwordsreviewexpertattendphysicianexposecurechallengecholeravictimabsorbsuspectenquiryseverepumpforeseeblamepollutehandlelinkannounceinstructStep2.FastreadingReadthetextquicklyandtrytoanswerthequestions1.Whathappenedin1854?2.Howmanypeoplediedin10days?3.WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswellasatNo.8and9CambridgeStreet?6 Step3.Groupwork:Thinkaboutwhatyouhavereadanddiscussthesequestionsinpairs.P31、2Step4.RetellthepassageProvidesswithasummarywithsomeblanks.Letthemretellthepassageaswellaspayattentiontosomeimportantwords.Readthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known____inLondoninthe___century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera____out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_____onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_____ofallwatersupplybe_______andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.Step5.Importantsentences1.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.2.Thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedin10days.3.JohnSnowhadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.4.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.5.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.6.Withthisextraevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.单元重点句子讲解1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次瘟疫爆发,数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去.[解释]everytime可作连词使用,引导时间状语从句,意为"每次,每当"immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句,意为"一……就……"[典例]1)EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情.2)Immediatelyhesawthemessage,heknewhemisunderstoodhisbestfriend.一见到纸条,他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友.[练习]汉译英1)每次我去找他,他都在专心看书.2)我一见到她就把这本书给了她.3)我一见到他就把这封信给他.4)我一接到你的信就来了.2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚.[解释]Only引导的状语放在句首,句子需用半倒装.[练习]汉译英6 1)只有用这种方法,你才能轻松地解决这个问题.2)就在你失去它的时候,你才会懂得时间的宝贵.3.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit…..他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转.[解释]with+宾语+v.–ing/v.–ed/todo/adj./adv./prep.phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语,表示背景情况,为方式,原因或条件等.[典例]1)Withtheoldmanleadingtheway,westartedtowardstheforest.在老者的带路下,我们向森林进发.2)Sheranandranwithbeadsofsweatrunningdownherface.她不停地奔跑,汗珠顺着脸颊流下来.[练习]汉译英1)老师微笑地走进教室,身后还跟着一群小朋友.2)随着考试的结束,我们的假期开始了.KeysKeys:1)character2)character3)characteristics4)characterKeys:1)tested2)examined3)checksKeys:1)treated;curedKeys:1)blame2)scoldedKeys:1)rejected2)refuseskeys:1)scientist;scientific;science2)announcer;announcement;beannounced3)instructive;instructions4)enthusiastic;enthusiasmKeys:1)Weconcludedthattheblueteamcouldnotreachthedestinationontime.2)Weconcludedthathedidn'ttellusthetruth.Thatis,hewaslying.Keys:Heisfamousinthisfield,andtensofthousandsoffanswillattendhislecturethisevening.Keys:1)exposing2)exposedtoKeys:1)Thingsincolourcanoftenabsorbchildren'sattentioneasily.2)Thenewshoesarespeciallydesignedtoabsorbtheenergy.Keys:1)Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.2)Nobodyistoblameforit.Keys:Thechildrenwerealsoinstructednottoleavetheclassroomafterclass.Keys:1)contributeto2)contributedtoKeys:1)putback2)putsforwardKeys:1)besides/inadditionto/apartfrom2)exceptforKeys:1)Hetriedmanytimes,butthelongsentencestillcouldnotmakesense.2)Thefilmisfullofmeaninginasense.Keys:1)EverytimeIwenttoseehim,hewasabsorbedinreading.2)IgavethebooktoherthemomentIsawher.3)IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.4)IcamedirectlyIgottheletter..6
