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1、肠道病毒与轮状病毒肠道病毒学习要求掌握1、脊髓灰质炎病毒的致病性2、特异性预防（剂型）自学柯萨奇病毒3、熟悉脊髓灰质炎病毒抵抗力、感染类型自学埃可病毒脊髓灰质炎病毒poliovirus结构3-DimageofpoliovirusVP1VP2VP35-foldAxis3-foldAxis2-foldAxisFordecades,nooneknewwhatpolioviruslookedlike,sincevirusescannotbeseenunderamicroscope.In1985,ateamledbyJamesHogleofHar
2、vardMedicalSchoolobtainedhigh-resolution,3Dimagesofpoliovirus,andtoday,thenewlyformedChildren'sHospitalBoston--HarvardMedicalSchoolstructuralbiologyunitisheirtotheEnderstradition.LedbyStephenHarrison,thisgroupisusingavarietyofsophisticatedtoolslikeX-raycrystallographyand
3、molecularelectronmicroscopytoobtaindetailed,dynamic,3Dviews--accuratedowntotheatom--ofhowvirusesmove,transferinformationandreconfigurethemselvestoattacktheirvictims.Theseimagesaresheddinglightonmanyoftoday'sviralscourges,suchasHIV,dengueandrotavirus,andprovidingnewleadsf
4、ortreatmentandvaccinedevelopment.PoliovirusAnancientEgyptianstele,portrayingaprincewithawitheredleg-probablypolio.©WHO/GPEI埃及第十八朝的这块石碑可能是脊髓灰质炎病例的最早记载。AmericasRegionLuisFerminTenorioPeru1991EuropeanRegionMelikMinasTurkey1998WesternPacificRegionMumChantyCambodia1997Polio‘L
5、astCases’PolioEradicationResearchersGlimpsePolioVirusasitEntersHostCellContact:Theimageontheleftshowsanakedpoliovirus.Thepoliovirusontherightisstuddedwith60twig-likestructures,thereceptors.SeeforamomentSmallthinstemonatree3-DstructuresWHOPoliocaseshavedecreasedby99.8%sin
6、ce1988,fromanestimated350000casesto483in2001.Thereductionistheresultoftheglobalefforttoeradicatethedisease.Areaswithhigh-intensitytransmissionTogether,thesecountriesaccountedformorethan85%ofthenewpoliocaseloadin2001.Theyarecharacterizedbyhavingareaswithlargepopulationsan
7、dlowroutineimmunizationcoverage,sub-optimalsanitationandrelativelywidegeographicaldistributionofthewildpoliovirus.Thesecountriesare:IndiaPakistan/AfghanistanNigeria/NigerPoliowasdeclarederadicatedintheU.S.in1979.YetaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,poliocasesworldwid
8、erosebyathirdin2004,dueinparttovaccineboycotts.Children'sandSpauldingRehabilitationHospitalarestillseei
