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1、农学学报2014,4(1):99-106JournalofAgriculturewww.caaj.org当前中国农业发展面临的问题及对策1,2黄国勤(1江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045;2教育部/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,南昌330045)摘要:2012年中国粮食总产量达5.9亿t,首次实现了“九连增”——这是中国农业历史性的巨大成就,在世界农业发展史上也是罕见的。然而,在取得巨大成就的同时,中国农业仍面临着诸多问题。在广泛调查的基础上,认为当前中国农业面临着10个方面的突出问题,即:耕地问题、劳力问题、畜力问题、水利问题、投入问题、灾害问题、生
2、态环境问题、资源浪费问题、经营规模问题和经济效益问题。这些问题已对中国农业发展造成极为不利的影响。针对上述问题,为了实现新世纪新时期中国农业持续、稳定和健康发展,必须采取以下对策和措施:一是提高认识;二是严格执法;三是加强培训;四是提高效益;五是节约资源;六是保护环境;七是发展科技;八是夯实基础。关键词:农业;发展;中国中图分类号:S2文献标志码:A论文编号:2013-0381TheExistingProblemsandCountermeasuresoftheAgricultureDevelopmentinChina1,2HuangGuoqin(1ResearchCente
3、ronEcologicalSciences,JiangxiAgriculturalUniversity,Nanchang330045,Jiangxi,China;2KeyLaboratoryofCropPhysiology,EcologyandGeneticBreeding,MinistryofEducation,Nanchang330045,Jiangxi,China)Abstract:China’stotaloutputofgrainreached590milliontonin2012.Itwasthefirsttimeofthe“nineevenincrease”,w
4、hichwasthegreatachievementinChina’sagriculturalhistoryandwasrareinworld’sagriculturaldevelopmenthistory.However,atthesametimethetremendousachievementshadbeengotten,China’sagriculturewasstillfacingmanyproblems.Onthebasisofextensiveinvestigated,tenproblemswerefoundinthedevelopmentofthecurren
5、tChina’sagriculture.Thesewere:cultivatedlandproblem,laborproblem,animalpowerproblem,waterconservancyproblem,investmentproblem,disasterproblem,ecologicalenvironmentproblem,wasteofresourcesproblem,farmingscaleproblem,andeconomicbenefitproblem.Theseproblemshadextremeadverseeffectsontheagricul
6、turaldevelopmentinChina.Inresponsetotheseproblems,inordertoimplementthenewcenturyandtheneweraofChina’sagriculturaldevelopmentwithsustainable,stable,andhealthy,thefollowingcountermeasuresandmeasuresmustbetaken:thefirstwastoraiseawareness;thesecondwastoenforcethelawstrictly;thethirdwastostre
7、ngthentraining;thefourthwastoimproveefficiency;thefifthwastoconserveresources;thesixthwastoprotecttheenvironment;theseventhwastodevelopscienceandtechnology;andtheeighthwastosolidthefoundationofagriculture.Keywords:Agriculture;Development;China[1]0引言36.9%,首次实现了