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1、SERVICES:THECASEOFPOSTALVERSUSEXPRESSDELIVERYSERVICESMichaelG.Plummer1IntroductionIndevelopedcountries,servicescontinuetoconstitutebyfarthelargestshareofnationaleconomies.Forexample,intheEUandtheUnitedStates,approximatelyseventyandeightypercent,respectively,ofthe
2、economyfallsunderthegeneralrubricofservices.Serviceshavealsoincreasedinimportanceintrade:intheyear2000,theshareofservicesintotalexportscametoapproximately28percentintheUnitedStatesand22percentintheEU,withanaveragefortheentireOECDcomingtoabout19percent.Thesametren
3、disobservableindevelopingcountries.Duringthedevelopmentprocess,itistypicalthat:(1)agriculturefallsasapercentageofGDP;(2)manufacturingfirstrisesandthenfallsastheeconomymatures;but(3)servicescontinuetogrowthroughoutthedevelopmentprocess.Asapercentageoftrade,service
4、sexportsofdevelopingcountrieshaverisenfromninepercentin1980(approximatelyhalftheshareofdevelopedcountries)toabouteighteenpercentin2000,onaparwiththatofthedevelopedcountries.Giventhecomplicatedanddiversenatureoftradeinservices,liberalizationatthegloballevelcanbemo
5、redelicateandinmanywaysmoredifficultthantradeingoods.Servicescanbehightechorlowtech;inputsand/orfinalproducts;privately-providedorpublicly-provided;andcloselyrelatedtootherareas,suchasforeigndirectinvestment(“FDI”).Manyservicesareas,however,stillincludegovernment
6、involvement,andstateprerogativesincertainareasarerecognizedbytheGATS.Moreover,tradeingoodstendstobeseparatefromFDI,thoughclearlythereexistindirectlinksbetweentradeandFDI.Intheareaofservices,however,tradeinservicescanbeintricatelylinkedtoFDI;insomesectors,tradeins
7、ervicesisimpossiblewithoutFDI.Inthischapter,wewillfocusontheneedforservicesliberalizationintheglobaleconomy,withafocusondevelopingcountries.Moreover,wewillusetheprocessandcomplicationsassociatedwiththeliberalizationofexpressdeliveryservicesasacasestudy.Thisareais
8、particularlyinterestingbecause:(a)itisanindustrythathasbecome8highlyinternational;(b)ithasbecomeanimportantinputtoavarietyofemergingindustriesandakeyingredient
