物流管理供应链管理课件.ppt

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1、Chapter10ManagingEconomiesofScaleintheSupplyChain:CycleInventory1OutlineRoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainEconomiesofScaletoExploitFixedCostsEconomiesofScaletoExploitQuantityDiscountsShort-TermDiscounting:TradePromotionsManagingMulti-EchelonCycleInventoryEstimatingCycleInventory-

2、RelatedCostsinPractice2RoleofInventoryintheSupplyChainCostAvailabilityEfficiencyResponsiveness3RoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainLot,orbatchsize:quantitythatasupplychainstageeitherproducesorordersatagiventimeCycleinventory:averageinventorythatbuildsupinthesupplychainbecauseasuppl

3、ychainstageeitherproducesorpurchasesinlotsthatarelargerthanthosedemandedbythecustomerQ=lotorbatchsizeofanorderD=demandperunittimeInventoryprofile:plotoftheinventorylevelovertime(Fig.10.1)Cycleinventory=Q/2(dependsdirectlyonlotsize)Averageflowtime=Avginventory/AvgflowrateAveragefl

4、owtimefromcycleinventory=Q/(2D)4RoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainQ=1000unitsD=100units/dayCycleinventory=Q/2=1000/2=500=AvginventorylevelfromcycleinventoryAvgflowtime=Q/2D=1000/(2)(100)=5daysCycleinventoryadds5daystothetimeaunitspendsinthesupplychainLowercycleinventoryisbetterbe

5、cause:AverageflowtimeislowerWorkingcapitalrequirementsarelowerLowerinventoryholdingcosts5RoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainCycleinventoryisheldprimarilytotakeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleinthesupplychainSupplychaincostsinfluencedbylotsize:Materialcost=CFixedorderingcost=SHoldingcos

6、t=H=hC(h=costofholding$1ininventoryforoneyear)Primaryroleofcycleinventoryistoallowdifferentstagestopurchaseproductinlotsizesthatminimizethesumofmaterial,ordering,andholdingcostsIdeally,cycleinventorydecisionsshouldconsidercostsacrosstheentiresupplychain,butinpractice,eachstagegene

7、rallymakesitsownsupplychaindecisions–increasestotalcycleinventoryandtotalcostsinthesupplychain6EstimatingCycleInventoryRelatedCostsinPracticeInventoryHoldingCostObsolescenceHandlingcostsOccupancycostsTheft,security,damage,tax,insuranceOrderingCostBuyertimeTransportationcostsReceiv

8、ingcostsUniqueothercosts7Economie