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1、标题：GivingGreentoGetGreen:IncentivesandConsumerAdoptionofHybridVehicleTechnology原文：Abstract：Federal,stateandlocalgovernmentsuseavarietyofincentivestoinduceconsumeradoptionofhybrid-electricvehicles.Westudytherelativeefficacyofstatesalestaxwaivers,incometaxcreditsandnon-taxincentives

2、andfindthatthetypeoftaxincentiveofferedisasimportantasthevalueofthetaxincentive.Conditionalonvalue,wefindthatsalestaxwaiversareassociatedaseven-foldgreaterincreaseinhybridsalesthanincometaxcredits.Inaddition,weestimatetheextenttowhichconsumeradoptionofhybrid-electricvehicles(HEV)i

3、ntheUnitedStatesfrom2000-2006canbeattributedtogovernmentincentives,changinggasolineprices,orconsumerpreferencesforenvironmentalqualityorenergysecurity.Aftercontrollingformodelspecificstateandtimetrends,wefindthatrisinggasolinepricesareassociatedwithhigherhybridsales,althoughtheeff

4、ectoperatesentirelythroughsalesofthehybridmodelswiththehighestfueleconomy.Intotal,wefindthattaxincentives,risinggasolinepricesandsocialpreferencesareassociatedwith6,27and36percentofhigheconomyhybridsalesfrom2000-2006.DataandMethodologyWeusequarterlystate-leveldataonsalesofeachhybr

5、idmodeltodistinguishtheimpactofthreefactorswhichpotentiallyspeedconsumeradoptionofhybridtechnology:(1)governmentincentives,includingsingleoccupancyHOVlaneaccessandincomeorsalestaxincentives(2)changesingasolineprices(3)changesinconsumertravelintensityorpreferencesforenvironmentalis

6、mornationalsecurity.OurstudyperiodrunsfromQ12000toQ42006duringwhichautomakersintroducedelevenhybridmodels.ThedateatwhichdomesticsalesfirstappearintheJDPowerdataare:HondaInsight(2000Q1),ToyotaPrius(2000Q3),HondaCivic(2002Q1),HondaAccord(2004Q4),FordEscape(2004Q3),LexusRX400h(2005Q1

7、),ToyotaHighlander(2005Q2),MercuryMariner(2005Q3),LexusGS450h(2006Q2),ToyotaCamry(2006Q2)andSaturnVUE(2006Q4).Toallowforeachmodeltohaveitsowntimetrendanddifferentattractivenesstoeachstate’spopulation,weincludebothstate*modelandtime*modelfixedeffects,andestimatethemodelusingwithin-

8、state*modelvariationintrendofsale