外文翻译---供给与需求的市场力量

外文翻译---供给与需求的市场力量

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时间:2018-07-08

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1、附录AA.1THEMARKETFORCESOFSUPPLYANDDEMANDWhenacoldsnaphitsFlorida,thepriceoforangejuicerisesinsupermarketsthroughoutthecountry.WhentheweatherturnswarminNewEnglandeverysummer,thepriceofhotelroomsintheCaribbeanplummets.WhenawarbreaksoutintheMiddleEast,thepriceofgasolineintheUnitedStatesris

2、es,andthepriceofausedCadillacfalls.Whatdotheseeventshaveincommon?Theyallshowtheworkingsofsupplyanddemand.Supplyanddemandarethetwowordsthateconomistsusemostoften—andforgoodreason.Supplyanddemandaretheforcesthatmakemarketeconomieswork.Theydeterminethequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepric

3、eatwhichitissold.Ifyouwanttoknowhowanyeventorpolicywillaffecttheeconomy,youmustthinkfirstabouthowitwillaffectsupplyanddemand.Thischapterintroducesthetheoryofsupplyanddemand.Itconsidershowbuyersandsellersbehaveandhowtheyinteractwithoneanother.Itshowshowsupplyanddemanddeterminepricesina

4、marketeconomyandhowprices,inturn,allocatetheeconomy'sscarceresources.A.1.1MARKETSANDCOMPETITIONThetermssupplyanddemandrefertothebehaviorofpeopleastheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets.Amarketisagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice.Thebuyersasagroupdeterminethedemandforthepr

5、oduct,andthesellersasagroupdeterminethesupplyoftheproduct.Beforediscussinghowbuyersandsellersbehave,let'sfirstconsidermorefullywhatwemeanbya“market”andthevarioustypesofmarketsweobserveintheeconomy.A.1.1.1COMPETITIVEMARKETSMarketstakemanyforms.Sometimesmarketsarehighlyorganized,suchast

6、hemarketsformanyagriculturalcommodities.Inthesemarkets,buyersandsellersmeetataspecifictimeandplace,whereanauctioneerhelpssetpricesandarrangesales.Moreoften,marketsarelessorganized.Forexample,considerthemarketforicecreaminaparticulartown.Buyersoficecreamdonotmeettogetheratanyonetime.Th

7、esellersoficecreamareindifferentlocationsandoffersomewhatdifferentproducts.Thereisnoauctioneercallingoutthepriceoficecream.Eachsellerpostsapriceforanice-creamcone,andeachbuyerdecideshowmuchicecreamtobuyateachstore.Eventhoughitisnotorganized,thegroupofice-creambuyersandice-creamsellers

8、forms

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