供给与需求的市场力量 毕业论文外文翻译

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1、附录AA.1THEMARKETFORCESOFSUPPLYANDDEMANDWhenacoldsnaphitsFlorida，thepriceoforangejuicerisesinsupermarketsthroughoutthecountry．WhentheweatherturnswarminNewEnglandeverysummer，thepriceofhotelroomsintheCaribbeanplummets．WhenawarbreaksoutintheMiddleEast，thepriceofgas

2、olineintheUnitedStatesrises，andthepriceofausedCadillacfalls．Whatdotheseeventshaveincommon?Theyallshowtheworkingsofsupplyanddemand．Supplyanddemandarethetwowordsthateconomistsusemostoften—andforgoodreason．Supplyanddemandaretheforcesthatmakemarketeconomieswork．Th

3、eydeterminethequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichitissold．Ifyouwanttoknowhowanyeventorpolicywillaffecttheeconomy，youmustthinkfirstabouthowitwillaffectsupplyanddemand．Thischapterintroducesthetheoryofsupplyanddemand．Itconsidershowbuyersandsellersbehavea

4、ndhowtheyinteractwithoneanother．Itshowshowsupplyanddemanddeterminepricesinamarketeconomyandhowprices，inturn，allocatetheeconomy'sscarceresources．A.1.1MARKETSANDCOMPETITIONThetermssupplyanddemandrefertothebehaviorofpeopleastheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets．Ama

5、rketisagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice．Thebuyersasagroupdeterminethedemandfortheproduct，andthesellersasagroupdeterminethesupplyoftheproduct．Beforediscussinghowbuyersandsellersbehave，let'sfirstconsidermorefullywhatwemeanbya“market”andthevariou

6、stypesofmarketsweobserveintheeconomy．10A.1.1.1COMPETITIVEMARKETSMarketstakemanyforms．Sometimesmarketsarehighlyorganized，suchasthemarketsformanyagriculturalcommodities．Inthesemarkets，buyersandsellersmeetataspecifictimeandplace，whereanauctioneerhelpssetpricesand

7、arrangesales．Moreoften，marketsarelessorganized．Forexample，considerthemarketforicecreaminaparticulartown．Buyersoficecreamdonotmeettogetheratanyonetime．Thesellersoficecreamareindifferentlocationsandoffersomewhatdifferentproducts．Thereisnoauctioneercallingoutthep

8、riceoficecream．Eachsellerpostsapriceforanice-creamcone，andeachbuyerdecideshowmuchicecreamtobuyateachstore．Eventhoughitisnotorganized，thegroupofice-creambuyersandice-creamsellersfor