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1、第十讲2010五校联考2010年五校合作自主选拔通用基础测试英语SectionIReadingPartAReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblank.(30points)Learningtheoristsemphasizetheroleofenvironmentalinfluencesinshapingthewayapersondevelops.__1__theirview,childdevelopmentisguidedb
2、ybothdeliberateand__2__learningexperiencesinthehome,peergroup,school,andcommunity.Therefore,childhoodgrowthissignificantly__3__bytheeffortsofparents,teachers,andothersto__4__childrenindesirableways.Accordingtolearningtheories,thesame__5__thatexplainhowpeople
3、canuseabicycleorcomputeralsoexplainhowchildrenacquiresocialskills,emotionalself-control,reasoningstrategies,andthe__6__skillsofwalkingandrunning.Onekindoflearningoccurswheachild’sactionsare__7__byarewardorpunishment.Arewardincreasestheprobabilitythatbehavior
4、willberepeated.Forexample,ayoungchildmay__8__drawpicturesbecauseshereceivespraisefromherparentsafter__9__eachone.Apunishmentdecreasestheprobabilitythatbehaviorwillberepeated.Forexample,achildwhotouchesahotstoveandburnshisfingertipsisnot__10__totouchthestovea
5、gain.__11__kindoflearning,classicalconditioning,occurswhenapersonmakesa__12__associationbetweentwoevents.Forexample,babiesbeginsuckingwhentheyareputinafamiliarnursing__13__,childrenfeardogswhosebarkinghasstartledtheminthepast.Athirdkindoflearning__14__ofimit
6、atingthebehaviorofothers.Aboymayacquirehisfather’s__15__oftalking,hismother’stendencytorollhereyes,andhisfavoritebasketballplayer’smoves__16__thecourt.Indoingso,healsoacquires__17__abouttheconsequencesofthesebehaviors.Learningtheoriesprovideextremelyusefulwa
7、ysofunderstandinghowdevelopmentalchangesinbehaviorandthinking__18__and,forsomechildren,whybehaviorproblemsarise.Thesetheoriescanbestudiedscientificallyandpracticallyapplied.Criticspointout,__19__,thatlearningtheoristssometimesneglectchildren’s__20__roleinthe
8、irownunderstandinganddevelopment.1.[A]For[B]From[C]In[D]With2.[A]unintended[B]uninvolved[C]undiscovered[D]unlimited3.[A]achieved[B]created[C]developed[D]shaped4.[A]moralize[B]recognize[C]sociali
