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1、HenryJames（1843-1916）AnAmericannovelistandliterarycriticLifeofHenryJamesBorninawealthyculturedfamilyinNewYorkwithaphilosopherandtheologistfatherBrotherWilliamJamesisalsoafamousphilosopher,psychologist,andfounderofutilitarianism.Attheageof25hewasrecognizedasthebestshortstorywriterinAmerica.Heneverm
2、arried.LifeofHenryJamesFrequenttourtoEuropeincludedLondon,Paris,hadaprofoundinfluenceonJames'slifeandwriting.Europeanartandculture,thetripexposedhimtotheeruditionofEuropeansociety.NewandOldWorldvalues,aconflictthatappearsrepeatedlyinJames'sfictionas“theinternationaltheme.”LifeofHenryJamesIn1875set
3、tledinhisidealhome--Parismostwell-knownwritersofthatperiod,acceptedhimasafriendandappreciatedhisbooks.AnEnglishmanin1915diedin1916andburiedinMassachusettsIn1976hisasheswereremovedtoPoets’CornerThetimeofJames’sHenevertookpartinpublicaffairsorshowedmuchinterestintheeconomicandsocialchangesofthatperi
4、od.ThetimeofJames’sHewasdeeplyinterestedinthecontrastbetweentheoldworldandthenewone.TheInternationalTheme“Theinternationaltheme”referstothemoralandpsychologicalcomplicationswhentheAmericaninnocenceencounteredtheEuropeansophisticationThetypicalAmericansinJames:fresh,enthusiastic,eagertolearn,andbas
5、ically“good”,disregardoftheconventions,standformoralityTheEuropeansinJames:highlycultivated,elegantinmanners,butsophisticated.standformannersJames’spsychologicalnovelJameschangedthemethodofpresentationinanovel,shiftingthecentreofgravityfromactiontoitsintellectualandfantasticaspects:externalcircums
6、tanceslosesignificancebeforetheinwardeventsthattakeplaceinasoul.LiteraryFeaturesofJamesTheculturalconflictbetweenEuropeandAmericaThepsychologicalactivitiesofcharacterDramaticeffectAmbiguityinattitudetowardsmanythingsThreePeriodsofJames’literaryCareerEarlyperiod(1865-1882):“internationaltheme”(Amer
7、icaninnocenceinfaceofEuropeansophistication)majorworks:TheAmerican(1877),DaisyMiller(1878),TheEuropeans(1878),ThePortraitofaLady(1881)Middleperiod(1865-1895):experimentswithdifferentthemesandforms(subtlestudiesof
