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1、HenryJames（1843-1916）AnAmericannovelistandliterarycriticLifeofHenryJamesBorninawealthyculturedfamilyinNewYorkwithaphilosopherandtheologistfatherBrotherWilliamJamesisalsoafamousphilosopher,psychologist,andfounderofutilitarianism.Attheageof25hewasrecognizedasthebestshortstorywrit
2、erinAmerica.Henevermarried.LifeofHenryJamesFrequenttourtoEuropeincludedLondon,Paris,hadaprofoundinfluenceonJames'slifeandwriting.Europeanartandculture,thetripexposedhimtotheeruditionofEuropeansociety.NewandOldWorldvalues,aconflictthatappearsrepeatedlyinJames'sfictionas“theinter
3、nationaltheme.”LifeofHenryJamesIn1875settledinhisidealhome--Parismostwell-knownwritersofthatperiod,acceptedhimasafriendandappreciatedhisbooks.AnEnglishmanin1915diedin1916andburiedinMassachusettsIn1976hisasheswereremovedtoPoets’CornerThetimeofJames’sHenevertookpartinpublicaffair
4、sorshowedmuchinterestintheeconomicandsocialchangesofthatperiod.ThetimeofJames’sHewasdeeplyinterestedinthecontrastbetweentheoldworldandthenewone.TheInternationalTheme“Theinternationaltheme”referstothemoralandpsychologicalcomplicationswhentheAmericaninnocenceencounteredtheEuropea
5、nsophisticationThetypicalAmericansinJames:fresh,enthusiastic,eagertolearn,andbasically“good”,disregardoftheconventions,standformoralityTheEuropeansinJames:highlycultivated,elegantinmanners,butsophisticated.standformannersJames’spsychologicalnovelJameschangedthemethodofpresentat
6、ioninanovel,shiftingthecentreofgravityfromactiontoitsintellectualandfantasticaspects:externalcircumstanceslosesignificancebeforetheinwardeventsthattakeplaceinasoul.LiteraryFeaturesofJamesTheculturalconflictbetweenEuropeandAmericaThepsychologicalactivitiesofcharacterDramaticeffe
7、ctAmbiguityinattitudetowardsmanythingsThreePeriodsofJames’literaryCareerEarlyperiod(1865-1882):“internationaltheme”(AmericaninnocenceinfaceofEuropeansophistication)majorworks:TheAmerican(1877),DaisyMiller(1878),TheEuropeans(1878),ThePortraitofaLady(1881)Middleperiod(1865-1895):
8、experimentswithdifferentthemesandforms(subtlestudiesof
