中学重点动词及词组归纳

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常考点清单中学阶段的重点动词及动词词组归纳⒈add(1)Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.把……加到……上面Fiveaddedtofiveis/makes10.(2)Theballoonsaddedtothefestivalatmosphere.增加(3)Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.加起来总共(4)Addupthenumbers,andyouwillget1155.把……加起来[题组训练]用适当的介词填空：①Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweatheradded____thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.②Thenumbersadd____95.⒉agree(1)agreeon就……达成共识(2)agreetodosth.同意做某事(3)agreetotheplan/decision/arrangement同意(4)Idon’tagreewithyou/whatyousaid/youradvice.同意Theclimateheredoesn’tagreewithme.食物﹑天气等适合某人YourstoryagreeswithwhatIhavealreadyheard.和……一致[题组训练]用agree短语填空：③Muttondoesn’tagree____him.④Theverbagrees____itssubjectinnumberandperson. ⑤Wecouldn’tagree____thedatefortheparty.⒈break⑴IamsorrythatIbrokemypromise.违反,违背breakone’sword(=promise)/breakthelaw/breaktherule⑵Hishealthbroke.(身体或精神)垮了⑶Hebrokeawayfromallhisoldfriends.断绝来往，脱离Ishouldbreakawayfromsuchhabits.改掉（习惯）⑷Allourplansbrokedown.(计划﹑谈判等)失败Thepeacetalkshavebrokendown.Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.(=becameverybad)被搞垮，垮掉Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstances.分解Thetelephonesystemhasbrokendown.（机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉⑸Thethievesplannedtobreakintoabank.闯入，破门而入⑹TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.爆发⑺Aftermidnight,thepartybrokeup.散（会）⑻Ibrokeupthecandyandgaveeachchildasmallpiece.分开⑼brokenEnglish蹩脚英语⑽Ourtroopshadlittledifficultyinbreakingthroughthelinesofthepolice.突破 [题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:⑥Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebroken____withnoagreementreached.⑦Firebroke____lastnight.⑧Sentencescanbebroken____intoclauses.⑨You’vebeenworkingsohardfornearlyamonth.Relaxyourself,oryouwillbreak____soonerorlater.⑩WhilewewerewatchingTV,avoicebroke____theprogrammetoannouncetheelectionresults.⒈Bring⑴Hebroughtaboutaquarrelbetweenhisparents.引起，造成Shemadeeveryefforttobringaboutapeacefulsolutiontotheproblem.实现⑵Electricitylineswerebroughtdownbyfallingtreesorbranches.使倒下bringdownprices降低价格⑶Thesalebroughtinover＄200.赚的⑷Dirtoftenbringsondisease.引起Thefineweatherisbringingthecropsonnicely.使成长更快，使提高⑸Canyoumakeasentencetobringoutthemeaningofthephrase?讲解清楚 ⑹JoewasborninTexasbutbroughtupinOklahoma.抚养Hewassoillthathebroughtupeverything.呕吐⑺Thisbroughtmeintotoughwithvariouskindofworkers.(和各种_名词连用)使人进入某种状态⑻Pleasebringforwardthematteratthenextmeeting.提出TheyhavebroughtthemeetingforwardtonextMonday.提前，提早[题组训练]用bring短语填空：Herparentdiedwhenshewasababyandshewas____byheraunt.Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbeen____bythedestructionoftherainforests.Thesaleofthehouseonly____about$45,000.⑴call⑴Thetroublecallsforquickactionbythegovernment.要求Iwillcallforyouatfiveo’clock.来找某人Wecalledforthepackagesatthepostoffice.来取某物⑵Iformedthehabitofcallinginonhim/callinginathisofficeintheafternoon.顺便拜访⑶Yourfatherisill.Youshouldcallinadoctoratonce.找来，请来Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpath.召集⑷Peopledon’tlikebeingcallednames.骂人 ⑴They’vecalledoffthegamebecauseofthethickfog.取消⑵Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediatelyafterhim.请/叫（某人做某事）⑶Icalledonthepeopleofthiscountrytoworkhardfornationalunity.号召⑷Anoticedisplayedintheshopwindowcalledattentiontotherecentincreaseinprices.引起……的注意⑸callsb.up;givesb.acall;makeacall(along-distancecall)打电话⑹callsth.up使想起，使回忆起[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:Thesituationcalls____immediateaction.Thesoundofhappylaughtercalled____memoriesofhischildhood.Couldyoucall____Jimonyourwayhome?⑴carry⑴HehadlearnedenoughGermantocarryonaconversation.进行Onepersonshouldcarryonwheretheotherhadleftoff.进行下去⑵Iwaschosentocarryoutourexperiment.进行Hedidnotcarryouthispromisetous.履行⑶Theworkistough,butsheisthepersontocarryitthrough(=tocompletesth.successfully).顺利完成，顺利实现 [题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:17Theyaretryingtocarry____anewpolicy.18Whatapity!Theyshouldhavecarried____thegoodbusiness.19—It’sagoodidea.Butwho’sgoingtocarry____theplan?—IthinkTomandGregwill.⒎come⑴Howcomethatyoudidn’tgetthereintime?(用于引申意义)发生某种情况⑵Hecametorealizethathewasmistaken.表示动作逐渐变化的过程⑶Mydreamhascometrue.变成现实⑷HetalkedabouthiscomingtriptotheUnitedStates.即将到来的⑸Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?发生，造成⑹Icameacross(cameupon/ranacross)thisbookinanoldbookstoreontheFourthAvenue.（无意中）碰到，找到Hecamesuddenlyacrossanidea.（无意中）想到⑺Hejustaskedmetocome(a)roundforsupper.到这儿来⑻Comealong/on!Arthur,wecan’twaitallday!快点Comealong!Someonemustknowtheanswertomyquestion.快说⑼ThispapercomesouteveryFriday.出版Ithinktheroseswillcomeoutnextweek.开花，发芽Icameoutfirstintheexamination.考试结果……，考第……名 ⑴Thebillcomesto$5.总计Whenitcomestomathematics,Iknownothingaboutit.谈到，涉及⑵Therobberydidnotcometolightuntilthenextday.被发现，被大家知道⑶Thequestionhasn’tcomeupyet.被提出Hecameupwithanidea.提出⑷cometooneself苏醒过来；cometoanend结束；comeintoeffect(force)生效；cometoaconclusion(decision)得出结论（作出决定）；comeintobeing(existence)开始存在，建立，产生；comeintopower开始执政[题组训练]用come短语完成句子：我做饭做的和她一样好，就是不会做面条。I’masgoodacookassheisexceptwhenit____makingnoodles.这一打击使他踌躇片刻，但很快又恢复正常了。Theshockmadeherhesitateforamomentbutshequickly____again.你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？Canyoutellmehowtheaccident____?⒏care⑴Idon’tcarewhattheysay.Ishallgoonjustthesame.在乎，在意⑵Ifyoucaretohearit,Iwilltellittoyou.愿意⑶AlbertEinsteincaredlittleformoney.Hewasseenusinga chequefor$1,500asabookmark.喜欢Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?(=Wouldyoulike……?)(礼貌用语)你喜欢/要……吗？Themothercaredforthesickchilddayandnight.照顾，照料⑴Hecaredaboutthemoney.喜欢Theprofessorsaidthathewasinterestedonlyinsearch;hedidn’tcareabouthisstudents.关心⑵Inthisway,wecouldgivethemtimelymedicalcare.医疗护理⒐catch⑴catchfire(=tostartburning)着火⑵catchone’sbreath缓口气，歇口气⑶Thatcarcaughthiseye/attention.引起注意⑷Thepolicecaughthimstealingacar(=todiscoversuddenlyandbysurpriseespeciallywhensomeoneisdoingsomethingbad)撞见，突然发现⑸ThatstylehasnevercaughtoninChina.(=becomepopular)流行⑹Hewascaughtintherain.(=bestuckin)被困扰Herskirtgotcaughtinthedoor.(=behookedin)被钩住⑺Isuddenlycaughtsightofhiminthecrowd.看见⒑clear⑴ShemadeitclearthatshewouldsupportAustralia.清楚，明白，明确 ⑵Afterthestormtheskycleared.晴朗起来⑶Thewaitresswillclearawaythesedishesinamoment.收走Howcanweclearawaythesedouble?消除⑷Theweatherhasclearedup;wecangoout.晴朗起来You’llhavetoclearupthethingsonthetablebeforewehavetea.整理，收拾⒒compare⑴Carproductionroseby25﹪,comparedto／withthefirst3monthsofthisyear.和……相比Comparedto／withmanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate.⑵Comparethiswiththat,andyouwillseewhichisbetter.把……和……相比⑶Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.把……比作……⒓cover⑴Theycovered12milesyesterday.走完（一段路程）Howmanypageshaveyoucovered?看完（多少页书）Thecitycoveredtensquaremiles.有（多大面积）Theprofessor’stalkcoveredthesubject.谈到，涉及Thebestreportersweresenttocoverthe27thOlympicGames.报道，采访⑵Themountainwascoveredwithsnowalltheyearround.覆盖着……⒔cut ⑴cutoff切断，切下来；cutout戒掉，不吃;cutin插嘴；cutup切碎；ashortcut捷径⑵Theywanttocutdownalargeforestinthisarea.砍掉Georgeistryingtocuthisweightdown.削减，减少⑶Thearmywascalledintocutthroughthefallentreesontheroad.锯断，剪断，凿穿⒕dealI’dratherdealwithamanthanawoman.Womenaresharp.和……打交道I’musedtodealingwithmattersofthissort.处理Thisbookdealswithquestionsonpolitics.论述，谈论Whatshopdoyoudealwith?和……做买卖⒖die⑴Asaresult,manyWesternersdieatanearlyageofheartdisease.dieof死于……（指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因）dieofillness／afever／hunger／sadnessdiefrom死于……(除疾病或情感以外的原因)diefromanaccident／thepollutedair／abadhabit⑵Ronny’sstepshaddiedaway／down,andtherewasamomentofsilence.(指风、声、光)消逝Thewindhasdiedaway／downagain.平息⑶Itisthoughtthatbetweentheyears1550and1950anaverageof onekindoflivingthingdiedouteachyear.灭绝，不复存在⑷I’mdyingforsomethingtoeat.(=haveastrongdesireforsth.)极想，渴望[题组训练]用die短语填空：Thewildpopulationofkoalasisindangerof____.Doyoufancyacupoftea?I’m____thirst.Iam____acupofcoffee.16.do⑴—IhavesomedifficultyinpronouncingsomeofthewordsinEnglish.—No,you’redoingfine.(工作﹑学习﹑生活﹑生长等)情况（好）I’mhappyinmyworkinthegarden.I’mdoingwell.从事（工作），进行（活动），执行（任务）WillitdoifweletyouhaveananswerbyFriday?行，够，合适，可以，凑合PleasedoupthesebooksandpostthemforMr.Smith.包，扎，系，捆⑵Let’sdoupthisroomfirst.整理，收拾Maryhasdoneherselfupfortheparty.梳妆打扮⑶Theytriedtodoawaywithslavery.废除⑷doone’shair做头发；dotheroom打扫房间;dothebed铺床；dowrongtosb.使某人受委屈；dobusiness做生意，做买卖；doright 做得好；dowrong做错事，做坏事⑸havesomething/nothing/anything/alottodowith与……有些/没有/有什么/有很大关系[题组训练]用do短语填空：____yourbuttons!Hehasnothing____thecase.Theschoolhas____therules.Ihaven’tenoughmoneytobuyacar,soI’llhaveto____without.17.end⑴Evenifnoneoftheseistrueforustoday,itisprobablythatonedaywewillendupwithadisability.以……告终Weendedupthedinnerwithfruitandcoffee.以……而结束⑵Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you’llendupinhospital.最后（有某种结局），最后（成了）Thepoliticianfinallyendeduphisspeech.结束⑶Thematchendedinawinforus.以……告终，结果……⑷Itrainedforthreedaysonend.(=continuously)连续地⑸Wemustputanendtothisfoolishbehavior.结束，制止⑹Themeetingcametoanendatlast.结束[题组训练]用end短语填空：He____hisletter____goodwishestothefamily.Thebattle____victory. Theirmarriage____divorce.18.fall⑴Wecan’taffordtofallbehindourcompetitorsinusingthenewtechnology.落后⑵Shehasfalleninlovewithhim/thedress.爱上，喜欢上⑶Wheredoestheplanfalldown?(=failortobeineffective)失败，不起作用⑷Thistopicfallsnaturallyintothreesections.(=bedividedinto)被分成⑸Iamquitehappytofallinlovewithyou/yoursuggestions.(=agreewithorto)赞同19.fix⑴fix(on)atimeforsth.约定时间干某事Let’sfixatimefordiscussion.They’refixedthetimeandthedatefortheparty.⑵fixone’seyeson/upon注视Hefixedhiseyesontheclock.⑶fixone’sattentionon注意⑷fix做（饭），沏（茶），修理，整理fixsupper/fixtea/fixthebrokenmachine20.followYoushouldfollowtherulesofthelabwhenyou’redoing experiments.遵循，听从，依照……行事Thechildfollowshermotheraboutalldaylong.跟随Followthisroaduntilyougettothechurch.沿着……（走）MayfollowsApril.接着发生，跟着到来DoyoufollowwhatI’msaying?听懂，理解21.get⑴Theoperatorfinallygotmethrough.给……接通电话Hehasgotthrough＄1,000inlessthanayear.用完Johnhasgotthroughtheexamination.通过I’llbewithyouassoonasIgetthroughthiswork.做完⑵Thestoryhasgotaround—everybodyknowsaboutit.消息传开⑶Myworkisgettingalongbetternow.进展，进行⑷Shedidn’tgetawayuntilninelastnight.走开，离开⑸Nowhewasdead,andIcouldnotgetawayfrommysadness.摆脱⑹Hegotdownandbegantopray.跪下，弯腰⑺Don’tyouthinkit’stimewegotdowntobusiness?开始认真做某事⑻Atwhattimedoyougetoff(from)work?下（班）⑼Heusedtobeafraidofheightsbuthehasgotoverthatnow.克服，摆脱（某种情绪）22.give ⑴Hegaveawaymostofhisfortunetothepoor.送给，分发Theysuspected(怀疑)thatthesecrethadbeengivenawaybyoneoftheirfriends.泄露（机密）⑵Ihopetheholidaywillgivehimbackhisgoodspirits.恢复健康（精神）⑶Hehasgivenintomyviews.向……让步，投降⑷Thegasgaveoffanunpleasantsmell.散发出⑸Hegavehislifetothestudyofart.把生命献给……⑹Pleasegivemyregards/greetings/love/wishes/thankstoMissSmiths.代……向……问好（表示喜欢﹑祝愿、谢意）⑺Theteachergaveouttheexaminationpapers.分发ItwasgaveoutthatthePrimeMinisterhaddiedsuddenly.宣布Thecowboygaveoutayell.发出（声音）Aftertwodaysourfoodgaveout,andwehadtoreturntothecamp.被用完Theswimmergaveoutaftertenlaps.（人）体力不支⑻Billykeptaskinghismotherifhecouldgotothemoviesandshefinallygaveway.妥协，屈从⑼I’vegivenupsmoking.放弃，中止[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:—Smokingisbadforyourhealth.—Yes,Iknow.ButIsimplycan’tgiveit____. Don’tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmaygive____shockingending.Cheapcoalgives____alotofsmoke.23.go⑴Butifyougoagainstnatureanddothingsatthewrongtimeofyear,youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood.违背⑵—Howiseverythinggoing?—Thingsaregoingverywell.进行，进展Theenginewentbeautifully.运转Howdoestheoldsayinggo?说Theblackhairwasgoinggrey.变得Thatistosay,thedoctor’sbeengonetwohoursandthirteenminutes.不在，走了⑶Goahead;we’realllearning.开始（做某事）Workisgoingahead.进行，进展—MayIstart?—Yes,goahead.表“同意”⑷Newsoftheplanecrashwentaroundlikewildlife.传开⑸Timewentbyquickly.过去，经过⑹Shareshavegonedownagainstbytenpoints.(价格等)下课，（温度等）下降 ⑺Shehadnotimetogodeeplyintothematterjustthen.调查，了解，研究⑻Whatisgoingonoutthere?发生，（活动）进行⑼WhynotbuysomeEnglishtapesandsomebookstogowiththem?相配，和……交朋友⑽Whensmokerswhoareusedtonicotinegowithoutitforanhourortwo,theybegintofeelbad.不吃，不用⑾Letmehaveagoatfixingit.试一试⑿Myfamilygoesbackto300yearsago,whilehisfamilygoesbacktothe15thcentury.追溯Healwayslikestogobacktohisyoungerdays.回顾⒀Gooveryourworkbeforeyouhanditin.仔细检查，反复研究，仔细琢磨⒁Hedoesn’tgoinforteamgames.对某事物有兴趣，爱好[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedtogo____.Ifyouhadgone____yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitin,youwouldhavemadefewermistakes.Astimegoes____,mymemoryseemstogetworse.24.hand⑴Whenhewrites,healwayskeepsadictionaryathand.在手边，在 跟前Theexaminationareathand.就要到来了，不远了⑵Myshoesweremadehand.手工的⑶Couldyougivemeahandwiththisparcel?帮一下忙⑷Thiscustomhasbeenhandeddownsincethe18thcentury.传下来，传给⑸Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson.发给，散给⑹Thethiefwashandedovertothepolice.移交⑺ontheonehand……ontheother(=ontheotherhand)……一方面……另一方面……⑻handin上交[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:Iamresigning(辞职)aschairmanandhanding____tomydeputy(副手，代理人)Don’tworry,forhelpis____hand!Hewashanding____leaflets(传单)tomembersoftheaudience.25.hold⑴Sheheldback,notknowingwhattodoorsay.犹豫不决⑵Don’tholdanythingback;youmusttellmeeverything.隐瞒，不公布Iftheyhadn’theldhimback,hewouldhavebeatenyou.阻碍，阻止 ⑶ImademychoiceandIwillholdontotheend.坚持（下去）Youshouldholdontoyouroilshare.不送或不卖（某物）⑷Heaskedmetoholdonwhileheleftthetelephonetofindapencil.别挂（电话）⑸Couldheholdoutinspiteofdifficulty?坚持（抵抗），顶住（压力）⑹Thepupilhelduphishandtoasktheteacheraquestion.举起Alotofcarswereheldupintheaccident.使耽搁，使停顿⑺holdoffice任职；holdone’sposition担任某个职位⑻hold:keepsb./sth.inaparticularmannerorposition使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置PleaseholdyourselfstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.保持不动Theyholdacigarettebetweenhislips.叼着⑼Theyheldtheirheadsupandwalkedintothehall.趾高气昂[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwe’vedecidedtohold____it.Itmightbevaluable.Thedamwasnotstrongenoughtohold____thefloodwaters.Imissedthelecturebecausemycarwasheld____inthetrafficjam.Tellmeallaboutit—don’tholdanything____!26.keep ⑴Willthismeatkeepuntiltomorrow?保持⑵Hekeepsawayfromliquorandtobacco.不沾，避开，不接近⑶TheEnglishmanwillmovebackinordertokeepacertaindistanceaway.保持一定距离⑷Hemaybetellingthetruthbutheiskeepingsomethingback.隐瞒（不讲）Finally,hedidnotgivehertherightchange,butkeptbackfivepounds.扣留⑸Youhavetobehomeby11o’clock.Keepthatinmind,Bob.记在心里⑹Keepoffthegrass.勿踩，勿踏Ihopetherainkeepsoff.(雨雪)暂时停止⑺Hedidn’tstoprunning.Hejustkepton.继续（干），坚持（干）Keeponuntilyoureachthetrafficlights.继续前进⑻Theyhaveshutthedoorandmeanttokeepusout.不要进来⑼Youshouldkeepoutofthesethings.不牵涉进去⑽Ihopesuchfineweatherwillkeepup.继续（下去），持续（下去）We’vekeptupourfriendshipforovertwentyyearsnow.保持Thegoodnewskeepsupourspirits.保持⑾Ican’tkeepupwithallthechanges.(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上[题组训练]单项填空: Wouldyoushowdownabit,please?Ican’t____you.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdonto—Mummy,canIputthepeachesinthecupboard?—No,dear.Theydon’t____fresh.Puttheminthefridgeinstead.A.keepB.fitC.getD.last27.look⑴AsIlookbackuponthoseyears,IamstruckbyAnnie’swisdom.回顾，回想⑵I’vebeenlookingintothismatterthisafternoon.调查⑶Twomenwerefighting.Therestwerelookingon.旁观⑷Whenyou’reeatingfish,lookoutforbones.当心，小心We’vebeenlookingoutforanewhouse,buttheone’swe’veseenarealltooexpensive.留心找某物⑸Lookupthewordinthedictionary.查找，查询Iwanttolookmyuncleupsometime.看望，拜访⑹Shelookedthroughhernotesbeforetheexamination.浏览[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:Aworkingpartyhasbeensetuptolook____theproblem.Look____thieves.Ifyouwanttoknowhowawordisused,looktheword____intheAdvancedLearner’sDictionary. 28.make⑴makegooduseof/makefulluseof充分利用Weshouldmakegood/fulluseofwatertoproduceelectricity.⑵Hehadagiftforthinkingupwaysofmakingpoliticalpoints.提出政治观点⑶Bothhusbandandwifehadtoworktomakeendsmeet.使收支相抵⑷Afteryearsasanunsuccessfulbusinessman,he’sfinallymadeit.成功⑸Canyoumakeoutwhatthatobjectisontheothersideofthevalley?弄清楚，看出Itisn’tdifficulttomakeouthisideas.理解，明白⑹Theexplanationintheschoolbookmakesnosense,becausethewordsarehard.讲不通，没意义，不能被理解Canyoumakesenseofwhathesays?理解⑺Wemustmakethemostofthefineweather.充分利用⑻Theteacheraskedthechildrentomakeupastoryaboutatriptothemoon.编，创造Theactorsweremakingupwhenhearrived.打扮⑼Maryhadtomakeupforthetimeshemissedinschoolwhenshewassick,bystudyingveryhard.弥补⑽Theteamismadeupofnineplayers.由……组成 ⑾Isthattherighttime?Imadeitlater.估计He’makingthreehundreddollarsaweek.赚的，赢得He’llmakeagoodlawyer.(有条件)成为IthinkIcouldmakeit8:30ifthat’sallrightforyou.定在（某时间）[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotrytomakeit____.Shespentanhourmakingherself____beforetheparty.Hardworkcanmake____alackofintelligence.It’smyfirstholidayfortwoyearssoI’mgoingtomake____ofit.29.mean⑴Smokeusuallymeansfire.意味着Yourfriendshipmeansagreatdealtome.有意义，有价值ButIdon’tbelievehemeansanyharm.有……的意图⑵Hisparentsmeanthimforateacher.准备让……干某工作Thispictureismeantforme.打算给（谁）Thisroomwasmeantfortheworkers’readingroom.打算(做什么用)⑶Whatdoyoumeanbycomingherethismorning?你……是什么意思？30.meet⑴Ittakes80yearsforMediterraneanwatertobechangedwithAtlanticwater,asthereisonenarrowentrancewherethe MediterraneanmeetstheAtlantic.与……汇合Thehousestandswherethreeroadsmeet汇合Inordertomeethisexpenses,hehadtodoextraworkatnight.满足Tojointhearmy,onemustmeetcertainphysicalstandards.符合（要求）Apolicemancouldmeetdangeranyminuteofhisworkingday.碰到，遇到⑵Inthewoods,hemetwithtwostrangers.遇见，碰到31.operate⑴Theliftwasnotoperatingproperly.（机器）开动，（工厂）开工Themedicineoperatedquickly.起作用Thecompanyoperatestwofactories.管理（工厂）⑵Heoperatedonthebaby’sthroatandsaveditslife.给……动手术32.pay⑴PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter.参观⑵It’shightimehepaidmeback$100heowesme.偿还⑶Howmuchdidyoupayforthebook?为……而付款⑷I’llpayoffmydebtwiththischeck.还清Didyourplanpayoff?成功⑸Itpaystoinvestinprotectiveclothing.收益，得到好处[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:Teamworkpays____. I’llpayJenny____forwhatshedidtome!33.pick⑴Shepickedupthelittlebookandgaveittohim.拾起Hehaspickedupsomebadhabitsinthatclub.沾染HepickedupChinesewhilehewasstayinginBeijing.（非正式）学到Pickmeupatthehotel.接（人）Thisroommustbepickedupbeforetheguestsarrive.整理，收拾Theclasspickedupthestorywheretheyhadleftit.继续讲（故事等）Wepickeduptheradiosignalsonourreceiver.接受Theweathermaypickup.好转Hisspiritspickedup.精神（振奋）⑵Haveyoupickedoutthemovieyouwanttosee?挑选Canyoupickoutyourbrotherinthecrowd?认出[题组训练]汉译英:他把熟的最透的桃挑了出来。_______________________________________________________一到春天市场就活跃了。_______________________________________________________7点钟我开车来接你。_______________________________________________________34.put ⑴Johnputstendollarsasideeveryweek.存储，留下Heputasidehistextbookswhenheleftschoolandneverreopenedthem.放下，放在一边Putasideallthathashappenedandtrytostartagain.搁在一边，不予考虑⑵Putyourbooksaway.收起来⑶Putthedictionarybackontheshelf.放回原处Themeetinghasbeenputbackuntilnextweek.(=putoff)推迟Puttheclockbackbyfiveminutes.拨慢⑷Puttheclockforwardbyfiveminutes.拨快Areyouseriousinputtingforwardsuchaview?提出⑸Heputoutthelampandwentout.使熄灭，扑灭Thecompanyputsout13newsmachineseverymonths.生产，出版⑹putintoeffect执行，实现;putintoforce使生效；putintopractice实施，付诸实施；putonweight增加体重；putone’sheartinto全心全意干某事；putsb.through接通电话；puttobed安顿某人睡觉；puttouse加以利用；putupwith忍受，容忍⑺Ijustdidn’twishtoputyoutothetroubleofchangingalargenote.给某人添麻烦35.referIfyoudon’tknowhowtopronouncetheword,refertothedictionary.查阅，参阅 Hereferredtothematteronceortwice.提到，谈到Themanreferredtointhetalkisoneofmyfriends.说到WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.涉及TheladywasreferringtoMikewhenshespokeofabrightboy.指的是Hereferredhissuccesstohisgoodteacher.归功于36.run⑴Thebusesrununtilaftertwelve.(车辆等)行驶WillthecolorinthisdressrunifIwashit?褪色Themachinerancontinuouslyforeightdays.运转Thewaterrunsoutofthepipeintothebucket.流Forseveralmilestheroadrunsacrossaplain.(道路等)延伸，延续Theyrunmostofthestoreshere.管理，经营Thechairmanranthemeetingwell.主持⑵Heisrunningforgovernor.竞选⑶Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatchneither.追赶⑷Shehitthechildandranaway.走掉，跑掉⑸Alloursupplyoffoodhasranout.被用完⑹Weranoutofcoal,andhadtoburnwood.用完⑺Iranoverarabbitthismorning.(车辆)撞到并碾过⑻Runthroughthisarticleandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.匆忙看一遍 37.seeto⑴I’vegotalotofthingstoseeto.处理Whoistoseetotheorganizationofthenextmeeting?负责IfIseetogettingthecarout,willyouseetoclosingthewindows?Willyouseetothatcustomer,please?照顾⑵Pleaseseetoitthatthelightsareturnedoff.(=makesure/ensurethat)确保38.send⑴We’vejustsenthertosleep.使进入梦乡⑵MysistersendsyougreetingsandaskswhenyouwillbeinLondon.致，送Thatnoisewillsendmemad.(跟复合结构)使变得Theexplosionsentthingsflyinginalldirections.（跟带分词的复合结构）使得……⑶Theyhavesentupseveralspaceshipsthisyear.发射⑷sendforataxi,anambulance,adoctor找计程车，叫救护车，请医生来39.set⑴Wesetaboutclearing(setouttoclear)upthemess.开始做或处理，着手⑵You’dbettersetasidesomemoneyforspecialuse.(为了某种目的)留出，拨出，节省 Setasidemywishesinthismatter.对……不予考虑⑶Wewillsetoff(out)forAfricatomorrow.动身，出发⑷Poloniumisusedtosetoffanuclearbomb.引爆⑸Let’ssetupthetentfirstandbuildthelater.竖起来，立起来，支起来Hesetupanewrecord.创造⑹ThefilmwassetinCaliforniainthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.以……为背景，故事发生在[题组训练]用适当的介词或副词填空:Thenewgovernmentmustset____findingsolutionstothecountry’seconomicproblems.Let’sset____mypersonalfeelings.40.show⑴HetoldtheBBCthathewanted17hoursofnonstopTVtimesothatbothconcertscouldbeshownontelevision.播出，展出，放映Tickets,please.Showyourtickets.把……拿给人看⑵Comealong.I’llshowyoutoyourroommyself.带某人到某处⑶Mycousinisvisitingusnextweek,andIhavepromisedtoshowhimaroundNewYork.领某人到处看看⑷Mostsmallchildrenshowoffinfrontofvisitors.炫耀41.stand⑴Theletters“UK”standsfor“TheUnitedKingdomofGreat BritainandNorthernIreland”代表⑵Ican’tstandthehotweather.忍受⑶Youshouldlearntostandonyourowntwofeet.依靠自己，自主⑷standout显得突出，显眼，引人注目；standby袖手旁观，支持，站在……一边42.strike⑴OnFriday16thOctober,1978,ahurricanestruckthesoutheastofEngland.侵袭Theboystruckthemanwithastick.打Astonestruckmeonthehead.打中，击中Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.擦然（火柴）Anideasuddenlystruckme.（某种想法）忽然那出现，忽然想起Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve.(钟)敲响⑵Hewasstruckbyherbeauty.给人印象深刻⑶Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.(=Theyareonstrikeforhigherpay.)罢工43.turn⑴Hewaspoorbutproudandturneddowneveryofferofhelp.拒绝接受⑵Thecampersusuallyturnedinassoonasitgotdark.上床睡觉Theteachershavetoturninthereportsattheendoftheschoolyear.上交 ⑶Theexaminationturnedout(tobe)easy.结果是，最后情况是⑷Bobturnsovermostofthemoneyheearnstohismother.移交，交给Pleaseturnoverthispage.翻过Thecarstruckthewallandturnedover.撞到，撞翻Heturnedoverinbed.翻身，翻转⑸Themissingboyturnedup.出现⑹Turntothedictionaryifyoucan’tspelltheword.查（字典）Ifyouhavesomequestions,youcanturntoyourteachersforhelp.求助于⑺Mozart’smusicalwaysturnsmeon.使感兴趣⑻Sheturnedawayinhorroratthesightofsomuchblood.转身不看Becausethehallwasfull,manypeoplewereturnedaway.撵走⑼turnablindeyeto/on视而不见；turnadeafearto充耳不闻;turnabout向后转；turnagainst反对；背叛turnback返回，折回，使往回走；byturns轮流；inturn一个挨一个地，反过来；taketurns轮流（做某事）[题组训练]用turn短语填空:Ihavewaitedforhimforhoursbuthehasn’t____yet.(appeared)Hisinvitationis____.(refused)Ifyoudon’tknowthewords,youcan____adictionary.(referto)44.take ⑴Theassistantdidnottakeherseriouslyandadvisedhertobuytwobottlesofveryexpensivewine.认真对待⑵HeledtheshipsdowntherivertoaplacewheretheBritisharmycouldlandsafelyandtaketheenemybysurprise.突然袭击⑶Iwon’ttakeupmuchofyourtime.占去（时间）Whenheleftschoolhetookupjournalism.从事某项活动，发展某种爱好Theteachertookupthelessonwhereheleftoffyesterday.继续讲述⑷Peopleshouldbereadytogotoprisonfortheirbeliefs,buttheyshouldnevertakeuparmstofight.拿起武器⑸Whenyoureturntotheofficethefollowingmorningoraftertheholiday,youcanlistentothemessageandtakeanynecessaryaction.采取行动⑹Jeantookadvantageofthelunchhourtofinishherhomework.利用⑺ItakebackwhatIsaid.收回⑻Takeiteasy.Theroadsareicy.不要着急⑼HeistakingovermyjobwhileIamonholiday.接替，接管⑽Heseemedtotakegreatprideinhiswork.对……感到骄傲⑾Shehadtakenthetroubletobuythebooksforme.费力，不怕麻烦⑿I’lltakeonthework,butIcan’ttellyouexactlywhenI’llfinishit. 从事TheGreatWallhastakenonanewlooksincetheliberation.呈现Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassistants?雇佣45.workoutWemustworkoutaplanasquicklyaswecan.制定，拟定，定出Haveyouworkedoutthisproblemyet?算出，估计出Ican’tworkoutthemeaningofthepoem.理解，弄出，看懂Thismapiswrong;Ican’tworkoutwhereweare.判断，说出，看出Thingswillworkoutifyouwilljustbepatient.得到圆满解决，（进行）情况良好Ifthetrafficplanworksout,itwillbeusedinothercitiestoo.进展情况良好Thingshaveworkedoutbadly.(情况等)发展，进行[题组训练]英译汉:Thingsworkedoutquitewell._______________________________________________________I’veneverbeenabletoworkherout._______________________________________________________I’veworkedyourshareoftheexpensesat10pounds._______________________________________________________Canyouworkoutwhatthesesquigglesmean. _______________________________________________________易混点清单常用动词辨析1.advise,persuade,suggest⑴advise作“建议﹑劝告”解。是否“劝成”了，未必知道。其后常接：①名词或代词；②动名词；③不定式复合结构；④that从句（从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气）。如：Weadvisedanearlystart.我们建议早点出发。Iadvisehisstartingatonce.我建议他马上开始。Heoftenadvisedpeopletousetheirbrains.他常常劝人们多用脑子。Iadvisedthathe(should)buythebook.我建议他买这本书。注意：advice是名词，与动词advise只有一个字母之差，不可混淆。advice为不可数名词，不可说anadvice，应说apieceofadvice。⑵persuade作“劝服”解，强调劝说“成功”。常用于下列句型：pursuadesb.todosth.和persuadesb.intodoingsth.如：TheypersuadedhertotaketheTOEFL(托福)exam.他们说服了参加托福考试。HowcanIpersuadehimintoacceptingtheinvitation?我怎么能说服他接受这个邀请呢？Itriedtopersuadehimnottogotothecinemabuthedidn’tlistentome.我试图说服他不要去看电影但是他并不听我劝告。（此句不可用pursuaded代替triedtopersuade, 因为并未“成功”，只是试图说服。）Thoughthedoctoradvisedhispatienttogiveupsmoking,yethewasn’tabletopersuadehimtodoso.虽然医生建议病人戒烟，但是，他没有能够说服他这样做。⑶suggest是及物动词，常作“提议、建议”讲。后接：①名词②动名词；③疑问句+不定式短句；④从句，接从句要用虚拟语气，但不能接不定式和复合宾语。如：Didhesuggestanythingtotheboss?他向老板提出建议了吗？Isuggestedgoinghome?我建议回家。Theyhavesuggested(tome)thatI(should)studymedicine他们建议我学医。Hedidn’tsuggestwhattodo.他没说出怎么办。注意：suggest后绝不能跟复合宾语。如：绝不可说：HeSuggestedhertomakemoney.应说成：Hesuggestedthatsheshouldtakethemoney.[题组训练]用suggest，advise，persuade的适当形式填空：①wetrustyou;onlyyoucan_____himtogiveupsmoking.②It’snousetryingto_____himtogiveupsmoking;hewon’tlisten.③We_____herthatshe(should)wait. ④Thedentist_____toherthatshe(should)comeanotherday.2.announce,declare⑴announce指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。如：Thegovernmentannouncedthatallthewarprisonerswouldbesetfree.政府宣布所有的战犯都要释放。JohnannouncedtoushisengagementtoMary.约翰向我们宣布他和玛丽订婚的消息。（注意：announce后如需接间接宾语时，要在间接宾语钱加to。）ItwasannouncedthattherewouldbeacelebrationonMay4th.据宣布，5月4日要举行一场庆祝会。⑵declare指正式和明确地向公众“宣布、宣告、声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。如：Thetwocountriesdeclaredwar.那两个国家宣战了。In1898theydeclaredthattheybelievedtherewassomethingnaturethatgaveoutradiation.1898年他们宣布他们相信在自然界存在着某种能发出辐射的东西。注意：declare后可跟复合宾语，而announce不可以。如：Theydeclaredhim(tobe)atraitortothecountry. 他们宣布他是国家的叛徒。Thechairmandeclaredthemeetingclosed.主席宣布闭会。[题组训练]用announce,declare的适当形式填空：WhilewewerewatchingTV,avoicebrokeintotheprogrammeto_____theelectionresults.Astronomershave_____morebadnewsfortheformerplanetPlutorecently.They_____againstthenewpolicy.Shewas_____tobeguilty.3.ask,question,demandask是“问、询问”的意思，日常口语中常用，所问的范围很广，较随便。question是“询问、盘问、审问、质疑”的意思。demand侧重“弄清、了解”某人的情况，文化人往往有某种权利和职责。如：HecameuptoaskmethewaytotheChildren’sPalace.他走过来问我去少年宫怎么走。Whatrighthaveyougottoquestionme?你有什么权利盘问我？Theteacherwouldquestionusonverbs.老师提问我们动词。Thegatekeeperdemandedthevisitor’sbusiness.守门人问来访者有什么事？Thepolicemandemandedtheboy’snames.警察询问这些男孩的名字。 [题组训练]用ask,question,demand的适当形式填空：she_____meinalowvoicewhattimeitwas.Iwas_____bythepoliceforsixhours.“Whatisthat?”thepoliceman_____.4.attend,join,takepartin,joinin,goinfor,enterfor,sitfor它们都可表示“参加”的意思，但用法不同。⑴attend是正式用语，可用作及物动词或不及物动词。指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是发生这一动作的本身，而不强调参加者在活动中起的作用。如：He’llattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要会议。Heoftenattendsanightschool.他经常去上夜校。Iftheyinviteus,we’llbedelightedtoattend.如果他们邀请我们，我们会高兴地参加。⑵enterfor意为“报名参加某项比赛或考试等”。Hedecidednottoenterfortherace.他决定不报名参加比赛。⑶join意为：becomeamemberof…,因此其宾语往往是某组织或团体，表示参军、入团、入党等。如：Mywishistojointhearmyaftergraduation.我的愿望是毕业后参军。 We’llhavetojointhenation-widestrike,too.我们也得参加这次全国性的罢工。⑷takepartin指参加会议或群众性活动等，重在说明句子助于参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如：We’lltakepartinsocialactivitiesduringsummervacation.我们在暑假期间将参加社会活动。注意：part前有修饰语时，要用不定冠词。如：Lincolntookanactivepartinpoliticsandwasstronglyagainstslavery.林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制度。⑸join（…）in指“加入……的行列一起参加某活动。”如：Almostalltheteamsinourschooljoinedinthebasketballtournament.我校几乎所有的对都参加了这次篮球锦标赛。如果要表示“加入到他人的行列一起从事某项活动”，则要用joinsb.insth.如：Ourheadmasterwilljoinusinthediscussionthisafternoon.校长今天下午要参加我们的讨论。注意：参加双方人都清楚的活动时，insth.可以省略。如：Comeandjoinus,XiaoWang.小王，快来加入我们吧。⑹goinfor指参加某项比赛、考试。如： Jack’sgoneinforthelongjump,butIdon’tthinkhehasachancetowin.杰克参加跳远比赛去了，但我想他没有获胜机会。注意：goinfor还有“从事，爱好”的意思。如：Hegoesinforswimming.他喜欢游泳。⑺sitfor表示“（准备）参加……的考试，为……应试。”如：Shesatforascholarshipbutfailedtowinit.她为获得奖学金而应试，但未成功。[题组训练]用attend,join,takepartin,joinin,goinfor,enterfor,sitfor的适当形式填空。Theydidn’t_____thewedding.Myfather_____arevolutionary-organizationin1938.Weoften_____physicallabor.Whydidn’tyou_____thetalklastnight?Idon’t_____loudpopularmusic.We’ll_____thefinalexaminationinaweek.Beforeyoutakethecontest,youareto_____it.5.become,get,turn,go⑴谈到人或物的状态、外貌等的变化时，常用become,get,turn,go,后接形容词。总的来说，become和turn比get和go更文雅。⑵指一个人的暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化，可用become或get(后者较通俗)：become/getangry,famous,fat,ill. old,etc.生气、成名、发胖、得病、衰老等。become和get还都可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。It’sbecoming/gettingcold/dark/cloudy,etc.天渐渐冷了、黑了、多云了等等。Divorceisbecoming/gettingmorecommon.离婚现象越来越常见了。⑶指某人肉体上或精神上由强转弱时，用go:gobald/deaf/insane,etc.变秃、聋、疯等。go有时也指事物由强转弱（或由好变坏）。Themeat’sgoneoff/bad.肉变味了（坏了）。Theradio’sgonewrong.收音机出毛病了。⑷go和turn可用于指人或事物的颜色变化。Shewent/turnedbluewithcold.她冻的脸色发青了。Therottenmeatwent/turnedgreen.这块腐烂的肉变绿了。⑸go一般不与old,tired,ill等连用，遇此情况要用其他联系动词。如：become/grow/getold变老；fall/becomeill/sick生病；get/feeltired累了。⑹turn后可以加年龄或时间，表示达到或超过（某年龄或某时间）。如：SheturnedfortylastJune.她在刚过去的6月份满40岁。It’sturnedmidnight.已经午夜了。⑺常用的系动词还有：单纯表示主语特征或状态的系动词；feel,look,sound,taste, smell,seem,appear等。表示发生变化的联系动词，除上面之外还有：fall,drop,go,come,run等。表示某种状态的联系动词有：remain,continue,stay,keep,rest,prove,turnout,stand等。半系动词有：stand,sit,rise等。[题组训练]单项填空：_____eighteen,Johncametorealizehisresponsibilityanddecidedtoworkasawaitertohelpsupporthisfamily.A.ToturnB.HavingturnedC.BeingturnedD.TurnHappybirthday,Kate!Soyouhave_____twentyalready.A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passedIfthings_____wrongI’mtheonewho’llloseout,notyou.A.goB.turnC.becomeD.fall6.beat,defeat,win,gain⑴beat和defeat二者属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是“人（people）”或一个集体，如ateam,aclass,aschool,anarmy等。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏比赛的专门用词，但它们经常被人们替换使用。如： Webeattheirteamby10points.我们赢了他们队10分。以下句子中的defeat和beat属本意用法，如将它们呼唤也是可以的。如：Intheendtheirarmywasdefeated/beaten.最后他们的部队被击/打败。⑵gain和wingain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有one’sliving,experience,strength,time,knowledge,attention,respect,admiration等：win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，它常跟的宾语有game,war,prize,fame,battle等。另外，win还可用作不及物动词，而gain在表示“赢得”这一意思时是及物动词。如：Hegained/wontheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1921.他在1921年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。Whichsidewon?哪一边胜了？Togaintime,IpretendedthatIhadnotheardthequestion.为（赢取）争取时间，我假装没有听见这个问题。Billwon/gainedthefirstgoldmedalforswimming.比尔赢得了游泳的第一枚金牌。Wewouldn’thavewonwithoutyourhelp.要不是因为你的帮助我们赢不了。