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1、1.hostage /ˈhɔstɪdʒ;ˋhɑstɪdʒ/npersonheldasacaptivebyoneormoreotherswhothreatentokeep,harmorkillhimunlesscertaindemandsaremet人质:Thehijackerskeptthepilotonboardtheplaneas(a)hostage.劫机者把飞机驾驶员扣留在飞机上作为人质.(idm习语)a,hostageto`fortune(fml文)personorthingthatoneacquiresandmaythens
2、ufferbylosing,espahusbandorwifeorchild希望得到的但需蒙受可能失去之痛苦的人或事物（尤指配偶或子女）.take/holdsb`hostageseize/keepsbasahostage抓住[扣押]某人作为人质:Thegunmanisholdingtwochildrenhostageinthebuilding.持枪歹徒把两个孩子扣押在这座建筑物里当作人质.envoy /ˈenvɔɪ;ˋɛnvɔɪ/nmessengerorrepresentative,esponesenttodealwithaforei
3、gngovernment使者;代表;（尤指）外交官:theArchbishopofCanterbury'senvoy坎特伯雷大主教的使者.diplomaticagentnextinrankbelowanambassador公使.initial /ɪˈnɪʃl;ɪˋnɪʃəl/adj[attrib作定语]oforatthebeginning;first开始的;最初的;第一个的:theinitialletterofaword一个字起首的字母*intheinitialstages(ieatthebeginning)(ofsth)某事的创始
4、阶段*Myinitialreactionwastorefuse.我最初的反应是予以拒绝.>initialn(usupl通常作复数)initialletter(ofaname)（姓名的）首字母:GeorgeBernardShawwaswell-knownbyhisinitialsGBS.人们对萧伯纳姓名的首字母GBS非常熟悉.*Signyournameandinitials,ieyoursurnameandtheinitiallettersofyourothernames.请签上您的姓及名字的首字母.initialv(-ll-;USus
5、u美式英语通常作-l-)[I,Tn]markorsign(sth)withone'sinitials用姓名的首字母签名或作标记:Initialhere,please.请在这儿签上姓名首字母.*initialanote,document,treaty,etc用名字的首字母签署便条﹑文件﹑条约等.initially/-ʃəlɪ;-ʃəlɪ/advatthebeginning;atfirst最初;开头;首先:Shecameinitiallytospendafewdays,butintheendshestayedforawholemonth.
6、起先她只打算来待几天,但後来却住了整整一个月.administration /ədˏmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn;ədˏmɪnəˋstreʃən/n[U]~(ofsth)administering;giving实施;执行;给予;供给:beresponsiblefortheadministrationofjustice,thelaw,charitableaid,anoath,aremedy负责赏罚﹑执法﹑慈善救济﹑主持宣誓﹑用药.[U]managementofpublicorbusinessaffairs公共事务的管理;经营;行政:Hewo
7、rksinhospitaladministration.他从事医院管理工作.*Headteachersaremoreinvolvedinadministrationthaninteaching.校长的行政工作比教学工作多.(often常作theAdministration)[C](partoftheGovernmentthatmanagespublicaffairsduringthe)periodofofficeofaUSPresident美国总统任期;美国总统任期内的政府:duringtheKennedyAdministration
8、在肯尼迪总统任期内*Successiveadministrationshavefailedtosolvethecountry'seconomicproblems.历届政府均未能解决国家的经济问题.transitional
