Physical limits of flow sensing in the left-right organizer.[2017][Elife][10.7554eLife.25078]

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1、12Physicallimitsofflowsensingintheleft-rightorganizer34561,2,3,45,*67,#,*7RitaR.Ferreira,AndrejVilfan,FrankJülicher,WillySupatto,andJulien1,2,3,4,#,*8Vermot910111213114InstitutdeGénétiqueetdeBiologieMoléculaireetCellulaire,Illkirch,France215CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,UMR7104,Illki

2、rch,France316InstitutNationaldelaSantéetdelaRechercheMédicale,U964,Illkirch,France417UniversitédeStrasbourg,Illkirch,France518J.StefanInstitute,Ljubljana,Slovenia619Max-Planck-InstituteforthePhysicsofComplexSystems,Dresden,Germany720LaboratoryforOpticsandBiosciences,EcolePolytechnique,CentreNa

3、tionaldela21RechercheScientifique(UMR7645),InstitutNationaldelaSantéetdelaRechercheMédicale22(U1182)andParisSaclayUniversity,Palaiseau,France2324#Co-seniorauthors25*contacts:andrej.vilfan@ijs.si,willy.supatto@polytechnique.edu,julien@igbmc.fr126ABSTRACT2728Fluidflowsgeneratedbymotileciliaaregu

4、idingtheestablishmentoftheleft-right29asymmetryofthebodyinthevertebrateleft-rightorganizer.Competinghypotheseshavebeen30proposed:thedirectionofflowissensedeitherthroughmechanosensation,orviathe31detectionofchemicalsignalstransportedintheflow.Weinvestigatedthephysicallimitsof32flowdetectioninor

5、dertoclarifywhichmechanismscouldbereliablyusedforsymmetry33breaking.Weintegratedparametersdescribingciliadistributionandorientationobtainedin34vivoinzebrafishintoamultiscalephysicalstudyofflowgenerationanddetection.Ourresults35showthatthenumberofimmotileciliaistoosmalltoensurerobustleftandrigh

6、t36determinationbymechanosensing,giventhelargespatialvariabilityoftheflow.However,37motileciliacouldsensetheirownmotionbyayetunknownmechanism.Finally,transportof38chemicalsignalsbytheflowcanprovideasimpleandreliablemechanismofasymmetry39establishment.404124243INTRODUCTION4445Chiralitydescribes

7、theasymmetrybetweenanobjectanditsmirrorimage.Howchiral46asymmetriesariseinPhysicsandBiologyisafundamentalquestionthathasfascinated47researchersformanyyears(Morrowetal.,2017;Wagnière).Anumberofindependent48mechanismsofchiralityestablishm