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1、TheStatusofWomenintheSpecialessayLifeSciencesArticleContents.IntroductionNancyJLane,CambridgeUniversity,Cambridge,UK.BritainandEurope.AmericasWomenremainunequallyrepresentedinscience.Although,inthelifesciences,50%or.PolicyChangesmoreofthestudentsenteringhighereducationasun
2、dergraduatesarewomen,the.Cambridge–NewInitiativenumbersdropatthegraduateandpostdoctorallevel,withlessthan8%ofprofessorsinthe.MaleOrientationofSciencelifesciencesbeingfemale..WhatActionShouldBeTaken?Introduction(EU)‘ObservatoryofScienceandTechnology’hasbeensetup,togathersta
3、tisticsandcreateanetworkforwomeninOverrecentyearsattentionhasincreasinglybeendrawntothesefieldsinanefforttotacklethedearthofseniorwomentheproblemsconfrontingwomeninScience,EngineeringinSETEuropeanwide.andTechnology(SET),wherebytheirprofessionalcareersThisproblemisnot,however
4、,uniquetoEurope.Itarenotprogressinginwayscomparabletothoseoftheiremergesthatdatafromothercountries,Canadaandevenmalecolleagues,andwomenremainunequallyrepresentedtheUSA,indicatethatfarfewerwomenaresuccessfullyinscience.Although,inthelifesciences,50%ormoreofengagedinscientifi
5、centerprisesineitherindustryorhigherthestudentsenteringhighereducation(HE)asunder-education(HE)thanwouldhavebeenexpectedgiventhegraduatesarewomen,thenumbersdropatthegraduateincreasingnumbersofwomenjoiningthecivilianwork-andpostdoctorallevel.Inthisrespect,theyfarebetterthan
6、force,andemployers’predictionsthatby2006theywilltheirundergraduateandgraduatecolleaguesintheequalthenumberofmen.Andtheproblemisnotlimitedtophysicalsciencesorengineering,wherethepercentageofgainingemploymentorpromotioninSETortodifficultyinwomenismuchlower;hereoftenonlyone-fift
7、horlessofobtaininggrants.IntheUSA,forexample,arecentreportthetotalnumberofstudentsarefemale.AtmoreseniorfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT,levels,thenumbersdropstillfurther,withlessthan8%of1999),showedthatwomenfacultyinsciencereceivedlowerprofessorsinthelifescie
8、ncesbeingwomen,andamere2tosalaries,hadlessofficespace,lessaccesstoresearch3%inthephysicalsc
