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1、RELATIVITYTHESPECIALANDGENERALTHEORYALBERTEINSTEINRELATIVITYTHESPECIALANDGENERALTHEORYBYALBERTEINSTEIN,Ph.D.PROFESSOROFPHYSICSINTHEUNIVERSITYOFBERLINTRANSLATEDBYROBERTW.LAWSON,D.Sc.,F.Inst.P.UNIVERSITYOFSHEFFIELD1920EDITIONCOPYRIGHTINFORMATIONBook:Relativity:TheSpecialandGeneralTheoryAuthor:A
2、lbertEinstein,1879–1955Firstpublished:1920ThisPDFfilecontainsthetextofthefirstEnglishtranslationofÜberdiespezielleunddieallgemeineRelativitätstheorie,publishedin1920.(Theindexhasnotbeenincluded.Afewmisprintsintheoriginaltexthavebeencorrected.Theyaremarkedbyfootnotesenclosedinsquarebracketsand
3、signed“J.M.”)TheoriginalbookisinthepublicdomainintheUnitedStates.However,sinceEinsteindiedin1955,itisstillundercopyrightinmostothercountries,forexample,thosethatusethelifeoftheauthor+50yearsorlife+70yearsforthedurationofcopyright.ReadersoutsidetheUnitedStatesshouldchecktheirowncountries’copyr
4、ightlawstobecertaintheycanlegallydownloadthisebook.PREFACEHEpresentbookisintended,asfaraspossible,togiveanexactTinsightintothetheoryofRelativitytothosereaderswho,fromageneralscientificandphilosophicalpointofview,areinterestedinthetheory,butwhoarenotconversantwiththe1mathematicalapparatusofthe
5、oreticalphysics.Theworkpresumesastandardofeducationcorrespondingtothatofauniversitymatriculationexamination,and,despitetheshortnessofthebook,afairamountofpatienceandforceofwillonthepartofthereader.Theauthorhassparedhimselfnopainsinhisendeavourtopresentthemainideasinthesimplestandmostintelligi
6、bleform,andonthewhole,inthesequenceandconnectioninwhichtheyactuallyoriginated.Intheinterestofclearness,itappearedtomeinevitablethatIshouldrepeatmyselffrequently,withoutpayingtheslightestattentiontotheeleganceofthepresentation.Iadheredscrupulouslytothepreceptofthatbrillianttheoreticalphysicist
7、,L.Boltzmann,accordingtowhommattersofeleganceoughttobelefttothetailorandtothecobbler.Imakenopretenceofhavingwithheldfromthereaderdifficultieswhichareinherenttothesubject.Ontheotherhand,Ihavepurposelytreatedtheempiricalphysicalfoundationsofthe
