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1、principlesofmodernphysicsprinciplesofmodelrnphysicsNEILASHBYSTANLEYC.MILLERUniversityofColoradoHOLDEN-DAY,INC.SanFranciscoCambridgeLondonAmsterdamoCopyright1970byHolden-Day,Inc.,500SansomeStreetSanFrancisco,CaliforniaAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,bymimeog
2、raphoranyothermeans,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.libraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:71-l13182ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaHOLDEN-DAYSERIESINPHYSICSMcAllisterHullandDavidS.Saxon,EditorsprefaceThisbookisintendedasageneralintroductiontomodernphysicsforscienceanden
3、gineeringstudents.Itiswrittenatalevelwhichpresurnesapriortullyear’scourseinclassicalphysics,andaknowledgeofelementarydifferentialandintegralcalculus.Thematerialdiscussedhereincludesprobability,relativity,quantumme-chanics,atomicphysics,statisticalmechanics,nuclearphysicsandelementary
4、particles.Someofthesetop&,suchasstatisticalmechanicsandprobability,areordinarilynotincludedintextbooksatthislevel.However,wehavefeltthatforproperunderstandingofmanytopicsinmodernphysics--suchasquaIlturnme-chanicsanditsapplications--thismaterialisessential.Itisouropilnionthatpresent-d
5、ayscienceandengineeringstudentsshouldbeabletoworlkquanti-tativelywiththeconceptsofmodernphysics.Therefore,wehaveattemptedtopresenttheseideasinamannerwhichislogicalandfairlyrigorous.Anumberoftopics,especiallyinquantum1mechanics,arepresentedingreaterdepththaniscustomary.Inmanycases,uni
6、quewaysofpresentationaregivenwhichgreatlysimplifythediscussionoftheretopics.However,fewofthedevelopmentsrequiremoremathematicsthanelementarycalculusandthealgebraofcomplexnurn-bers;inafewplaces,familiaritywithpartialdifferentiationwillbenecessary.Unifyingconceptswhichhalveimportantapp
7、licationsthroughoutmodernphysics,suchasrelativity,probabilityandthelawsofconservation,havebeenstressed.Almostalltheoreticaldevelopmentsarelinkedtoexamplesanddatatakenfromexperiment.Summariesareincludedattheendofeachchapter,aswellasproblemswithwidevariationsindifficulty.Thisbookwaswri
8、ttenforusein