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1、ThefractionalquantumHalleffectHorstL.StormerBellLaboratories,LucentTechnologies,MurrayHill,NewJersey07974andDepartmentofPhysicsandDepartmentofAppl.Physics,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NewYork10027DanielC.TsuiDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandDepartmento
2、fPhysics,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NewJersey08544-0430ArthurC.GossardMaterialDepartment,UniversityofCaliforniiia,SantaBarbara,SantaBarbara,California93106Two-dimensionalelectronsystemsinahighmagnetic®eldbehaveverystrangely.Theyexhibitrationalfractio
3、nalquantumnumbersandcontainexactlyfractionallychargedparticles.Electronsseemtoabsorbmagnetic¯uxquanta,alteringtheirstatisticsandconsumingthemagnetic®eld.Theycondenseintoamanifoldofnovelgroundstatesofbosonandfermioncharacter.Thesefascinatingpropertiesare
4、notcharacteristicofanyindividualelectronbutratheremergefromthehighlycorrelatedmotionofmany.[S0034-6861(99)00802-8]CONTENTSternalmagnetic®elds.Particlestatisticsarealteredfromfermionictobosonicandbacktofermionic.AndaI.IntroductionS298novel,®eld-inducedpa
5、rticlepairingmechanismisfore-II.BackgroundS298seen.III.TheIntegralQuantumHallEffectS299AllthesefascinatingpropertiesarisenotfromsingleIV.TheFractionalQuantumHallEffectS300electronsinteractingwithanexternal®eld,butratherV.CompositeFermionsintheFQHES301fr
6、omthestronglycorrelatedmotionofmanyelectrons:VI.Even-DenominatorFillingS302Itisnotelectron®ssionthatleadstofractionallychargedVII.CompositeFermionPairs?S304quasiparticles,buttheinterplayofsome1011electronsConclusionS304percm2thatcollaborateandcreatethes
7、ebizarreobjects.AcknowledgmentsS304ThefollowingpagesareintendedtoprovideabriefReferencesS304surveyofthephysicsofstronglycorrelated2Delectronsystemsinthepresenceofahighmagnetic®eld.BynoI.INTRODUCTIONmeanscanitbeconsideredanexhaustivereview.Forthesakeofbr
8、evitymanyexcitingtopicsandimportantThefractionalquantumHalleffectisanexampleofcontributionstothe®eldhavenotbeenincorporated.thenewphysicsthathasemergedfromtheenormousThereportfocusesonthefractionalquantumHalleffectprogressmadedur
