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1、第五讲封建主义制度与精神；问题与历史一、封臣制(vassalage)CharlemagneinstalledRolandCeremonyofBecomingAVassal,1127OnThursday,homageswereagaindonetothecount[Flanders].First,theydidhomage(hominium)inthisway.Thecountasked[thevassal]ifhewishedtobecomehisman(homosuus)withoutreserve,andthela
2、tteranswered:“Ido.”Thenjoininghishandstogether,heplacedtheminthehandsofthecount,andtheyboundthemselvestogetherbyakiss.Inthesecondplace,themanwhohadjustdonehomagepledgedfidelity…tothecountinthesewords:“IpromiseonmyfaithtobefaithfulfromnowontocountWilliamandtoobse
3、rve[theobligationsof]myhomagecompletely,ingoodfaith,andwithoutdeceit,againstallmen,”andthishesworeontherelicsofthesaints…Finally,withalittlestickwhichheheldinhishand,thecountgaveinvestiture[offiefs]toallthosewhohad…promisedsecurity,donehomage,andtakentheoath.__D
4、eMultro..KarolicomitisFlandriarum,p.89.臣服之礼1127年4月7日，星期四，天气晴好。弗兰德尔伯爵威廉的城堡正在举行庄重严肃的臣服仪式。伯爵问那前来投靠的人是否真的愿意毫无保留地变成他的人，后者答道：“我愿意”。然后，其人将合拢的双手置于伯爵手中，二人拥抱亲吻。然后，封臣对伯爵宣誓：“我以我的诚信发誓，从今以后我将忠诚于威廉伯爵，履行我作为封臣的全部义务，绝不欺骗”。说这些话的时候，其人以圣徒的遗物作为宣誓的凭证。最后，伯爵以一根小树枝为象征将一块封土授予封臣。仪式结束。封臣制：仪
5、式与关系封君（Lord，Dominus）与封臣（Vassal，Vassus）臣服礼（Homage）效忠礼（Fealty）亲吻礼封臣制(Vassalage)臣服礼：双手置于他人手中封君封臣关系：义务与权利1。封臣之义务：军事服役（Militaryservice）帮助（FeudalAids）劝告（Counsel）2。封君之义务保护维持1。封君之权利获得军事服役享有金钱帮助接受建议劝告2。封臣之权利受封君之保护受封君之维持臣服、效忠与亲吻英王爱德华三世（1327-1377）向法王菲力普六世（1328-1350）行臣服礼英王爱
6、德华一世（1272-1307）向法王菲力普四世（1285-1314）行臣服礼、亲吻礼封臣制的早期形式（7世纪上半叶）Itisrightthatthosewhopromiseusunbrokenfaithshouldbeplacedunderourprotection.Andbecauseso-and-so,ourfaithfulman(fidelis=vassalinsomelatertexts)hascomehereinourpalacewithhisweapons,andhassworn,inourhand,loy
7、altyandfidelity,therefore,bythispresentdocument,wedecreeandorderthatfromnowonhebeconsideredoneofourbodyof“antrustiones”（法语，“国王的侍从”）.Andifanyoneshoulddaretokillhim,lethimknowthathewillbeliabletopaya“wergeld”of600shillings.___FromM.G.H,Formulae,p.55.HomageofTassil
8、o,DukeofBavaria(757A.D.)KingPippinheldhiscourtatCompiegnewiththeFranks.AndtherecameTassilo,dukeoftheBavarians,whocommendedhimselfinvassalage[totheking]byhishands.Hesw
