中考代词专项讲解及练习 人教版

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代词代词的八种形式：1.人称代词PersonalPronoun2.物主代词PossessivePronoun3.反身代词ReflexivePronoun4.不定代词IndefinitePronoun词类1名词n.表示人或者事物的名称。实词2代词pron.用来代替名词、形容词或数词。3形容词adj.用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。4副词adv.用以修饰动词、形容词或其它副词。5动词v.表示动作或状态。6数词num.表示数量或顺序。7冠词art.用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。虚词8介词prep.表示名词、代词等和句中其它词的关系。9连词conj.用来连接词与词，短语与短语或句与句。10感叹词int.表示说话时的高兴、惊讶等情感，不在句中担任成分。句子成分主语Subject宾语Object定语Attribute补语Complement谓语Predicate表语Predicative状语Adverbial1.人称代词数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词1.主格作主语Ilikefootball.Theyarestudent.2.宾格a.作宾语Doyouknowhim?Comewithme.b.作介词的宾语Hewasplayingtenniswithus.Letthebabysitbetweenyouandme.2.物主代词数人称种类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 形容词性物主代词myyourhis,heritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis,hersitsoursyourstheirs物主代词1.形容词性物主代词只可作定语，后面必须更名词。Ilikehisbook.Myparentsloveme.2.名词性物主代词a.作主语Ourhouseishere,andtheirsisthere.IsthisherT-shirt?No,hersisred.b.作表语A:Whosebikeisthis?B:It’shis.(=hisbike)Thatnewflatisours.c.作宾语Ihavelostmydictionary.Pleaselendmeyours.Let’scleantheirroomfirstandourslater.3.反身代词数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词（又称自身代词）1.表示强调，在句中的位置较灵活Icookeditmyself.=Imyselfcookedit.Youspoketothechairmanhimself.2.作宾格Marysawherselfinthemirror.TomtaughthimselfEnglish.3.介词+反身代词Rosesaidtoherself,“WhereamI?”Thechildrenmadethemodelplanesbythemselves.人称单复数人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性I单Imemyminemyself复weusouroursourselvesII单youyouyouryoursyourself复youyouyouryoursyourselvesIII单hesheithimherithisheritshishersitshimselfherselfitself复theythemtheirtheirsthemselves4.不定代词1)复合不定代词somethinganythingnothingeverythingsomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody someoneanyonenooneeveryone2)oneones3)some,any4)one…theother(s)5)another6)both,neither,either7)all,none8)each,every9)many,much,alot10)(a)few,(a)little11)it不定代词1.复合不定代词someone,anything等作主语时，其后用单数谓语动词。a.Someonehastoldmeaboutthisbefore.(作主语)EverythingisreadyfortheOpenDay.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing三者时，形容词要放在其后。b.I’vegotsomethinginterestingtotellyou.c.Idon’tknowanythingaboutit.=Iknownothingaboutit.不定代词2.one,ones数单数复数人称物主代词自身代词OneOnesOne’soneselfa.A:Lookatthatboy!B:Whichone?A:Theonewearingabluesweater.(作主语，指人)b.WhichT-shirtdoyoulike?TheonewiththeV-neck.(作宾语，指物)c.Theoldhousesherehavebeenpulleddownandalotofnewoneswillbebuilt.(作宾语，指物)不定代词3.some,anya.HeaskedformoresauceandIpassedhimsome.b.Doyouknowanyofherfriends?c.Thereismuchmilkinthefridge.Wouldyoulikesome?(表示邀请)d.Haven’tyouforgottensomething?你难道没忘记什么事吗？(问者肯定知道被问者忘了什么东西所以用something。)不定代词4.one…theother(s),some…(the)othersa.Shehasgottwopets.Oneisadog,theotherisacat.b.Ihavethreeuncles.Oneisateacher,theothertwo=(theothers)areengineers.c.Somelikeprawns,otherslikecrabs.(泛指)d.Therearethirtystudentsinourclass.Twentyaregirls.Theothers(=Theotherstudents)areboys.(特指)不定代词5.anothera.Idon’tlikethisone.Showmeanother.(作宾语)b.Thisbookistoodifficultforme.Willyoupleasegivemeanotherone(=anotherbook)?(作定语)c.Hegotthreebooks,oneisadictionary,anotherisaplay,thethirdisagrammar.(作主语)不定代词6.both,neither,either  botheitherneither含义两者都（肯定）两者之中的任意一个两者都不（否定）作定语修饰名词时名词要用复数名词要用单数名词要用单数作主语时的谓语动词用复数用单数用单数常用搭配both…and…either…or…neither…nor…a.Ihavetwobrothers.Both(=Bothbrothers)aredoctors.Ihavetwobrothers.Eitherisadoctor.Ihavetowbrothers.Neitherisadoctor.b.Bothmybrotherandyoursisterhavepassedtheexam.我哥哥和你姐姐两个都通过了考试。Eithermybrotheroryoursisterhaspassedtheexam.不是我哥哥就是你姐姐考试及格了。(他们之中的一个)Neithermybrothernoryoursisterhaspassedtheexam.我哥哥和你姐姐两人都没有通过考试。不定代词7.all,nonea.Allenjoyedthemselvesattheparty.Allofusliketoeatpotatochips.(作主语)=Weallliketoeatpotatochips.(作同位语)Alltheoilhasbeenusedup.(作主语）b1)A:Howmuchbreadisthere?B:None.=Nobread.2)A:Howmanystudentswentthere?B:None.=Nostudents.B:Noneofthestudentswentthere.3)Inthepast,noneofthebuseswere/wasair-conditioned.不定代词8.each,everyeachEvery1）可修饰人或物与each相同2）谓语动词需用单数与each相同3）指两个或两个以上中的一个（数量）指两个（不含两个）以上中的一个4）侧重于个体、个别（含义）侧重于全体，意思上等同于all5）可单独使用，作定语时后面名词要用单数不可单独使用，后面必须加名词（只能在句中作定语），名词用单数6）可以和of连用不可以和of连用，但everyone（分开写）可以和of连用7）可作同位语、主语、宾语只能作定语，后面必须跟名词单数 8）没有合成词有合成词，与one/body/thing组成，合成词后不能加名词，动词要用单数a.Therearemanytreesoneachsideofthestreet.(因为街只有两边，所以只能用each,不能用every)b.Eachboyherelikesfootball.(each强调每一个男孩，语气比较强烈)=Alltheboysherelikefootball.=Everyboyherelikesfootball.(all强调全体男孩都如此）c.Eachoftherooms(them)isbigandbright.不定代词9.many,much,alotmany(多数)只能和复数可数名词连用在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语much(多量)只能和不可数名词连用主要用于否定句和疑问句中alotofmanyalarge(great)numberof=manylotsofplentyofmuchagreat(good)dealof=mucha.Therearemanynewbuildingsisthatestate.=Therearealotof/lotsofnewbuildings.b.AtthepartyIdidn’tknowmanypeople.c.Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?Canyoulendmesome?不定代词10.afew,few,alittle,littleafew(肯定)用于可数名词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等few(否定)alittle(肯定)用于不可数名词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等little(否定)a.Thereareafewminutesleft,aren’tthere?Don’tworry!Thereisalittletimeleft,isn’tthere?Don’tworry!b.Therearefewminutesleft,arethere?Hurryup!Thereislittletimeleft,isthere?Hurryup!不定代词11.itItisarobot.(指物)Itisrainingnow,butit’llbefinesoon.(指天气)It’scoldinthisroom.(指天气)1)A:Whattimeisit?B:It’ssixthirty.(指时间) 1)Howfarisitfromheretothehospital?It’saboutthreemiles.(指距离)6)It’simportant(forus)tofightpollution.(作形式主语)指示代词单数复数thisthesethatthose1.Isthisyourmotorcycle?No,itisn’t.2.Arethosecalculatorsexpensive?Yes,theyare.3.ThehistoryofChinaisasinterestingasthatofAmerica.4.TheradiosmadeinShanghaiareasgoodasthose(=theradios)madeinTianjin.相互代词通格eachother,oneanother所有格eachother’s,oneanother’s1.Inschoolallmyclassmateshelponeanother/eachother.2.Don’ttalktoeachother/oneanother.3.Weshouldpointouteachother’s/oneanother’sshortcomings.7.疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which…疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)。8.关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which关系代词是用来引导定语从句。