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1、PrefaceThisbookgivesatranslationofsomelettersandlecturesonCh'anbythegreatteacherTaHui.HisremarkstranslatedfromChineseherewereinthemainaddressedtopeopleinlaylife,sotheemphasisisonwaysbywhichpeopleimmersedinworldlydoingscanlearnCh'anandachievetheliberationpromisedbyBuddha.Thoughmore
2、thaneighthundredyearshavepassedsinceTaHuilived,thegistofhismessageisnotboundtoanyparticulartime,place,ormodeofexpression---hopefullyhiswordswillstillhithomeandhelppeopleoftodaytounfoldtheirpotential.AbouttheAuthorTaHuiwasbornintothecosmopolitanworldoftheSungdynasty.Itwasanagewhenb
3、othrationalisticphilosophyandpracticalinventionflourished,whenprintedbooksmultipliedandtheartsreachedamaturesophisticationstilladmiredtoday.Communicationandcommerceintensified:fiveChinesecitieshadpopulationsoveramillion.Talentsfromalloverthecountryweredrawntothebrilliantcirclesint
4、heimperialcapital.Thiswasnocharmedgoldenage,unself-consciousandunquestioning.Thepoliticalsensibilitiesofmanyupper-classChinesewereaffrontedbytherelativeweaknessofthedynastytowardsthepowerful"barbarian"statespressinginonthenortheastandnorthwest,andreformmeasurestostrengthenthegover
5、nmentandaugmentitsrevenueweregreatissuesofcontrovesyamonggentlemenofaffairs.Theproductiveclassesfeltthepressuredirectly,asitwastheywhohadtofinancetheswollen,ineffectivearmy,andtheheavypaymentsofsilverandsilksentastributetotheenemy.Pressureoftaxationundercutthepositionofthesmallpro
6、ducers,moreandmoreofwhomhadtogiveuptheirindependenceforthepatronageofabiglandlordwhocouldfendoffthetaxburdenthroughpoliticalpull.Asthegovernmenttriedtoincreaseitsrevenue,itsucceededmoreindrivingthenation'swealthbeyonditsownreachintopowerfulprivatehands,whilemillionsoflittlepeoplew
7、eredeprivedoftheirlivelihoodaltogether.Finallyinthe1120sthedambroke.In1126theforcesofthe"barbarian"Chinstatetothenortheastcapturedthecapital,Pien,alongwiththereigningemperor,hisretiredfather,andalargenumberofhighofficialsandtopcourtiers.SoontheChinhadsetuptheirownpuppetsovervastst
8、retchesofChinanorthoftheYangtse,a
